GRE Preparation Kit 5 - Section 3[1 - 23]

[Samuel]

SECTION 3

Time –30 minutes

38 Questions

1. Because modern scientists find the ancient Greek view of the cosmos outdated and irrelevant, they now perceive it as
    only of --------- interest.
    (A) historical
    (B) intrinsic
    (C) astronomical
    (D) experimental
    (E) superfluous

2. Religious philosopher that he was. Henry More derived his conception of an infinite universe from the Infinite God in whom
    he believed, a benevolent God of -------whose nature was to create---------
    (A) plenitude ..abundance
    (B) vengeance .. justice
    (C) indifference .. suffering
    (D) indulgence .. temperance
    (E) rectitude .. havoc

3. While some argue that imposing tolls on highway users circumvents the need to raise public taxes for road maintenance,
    the phenomenal expense of maintaining a vast network of roads------reliance on these general taxes.
    (A) avoids
    (B) diminishes
    (C) necessitates
    (D) discourages
    (E) ameliorates

4. Although they were not direct------,the new arts of the Classical period were clearly created in the spirit of older Roman 
    models and thus------many features of the older style.
    (A) impressions .. introduced
    (B) translations .. accentuated
    (C) copies .. maintained
    (D) masterpieces .. depicted
    (E) borrowings .. improvised

5. In spite of the increasing--------of their opinions, the group knew they had to arrive at a consensus so that the award 
    could be presented
    (A) impartiality
    (B) consistency
    (C) judiciousness
    (D) incisiveness
    (E) polarity

6. By forcing our surrender to the authority of the clock systematic timekeeping has imposed a form of------- on society.
    (A) anarchy
    (B) permanence
    (C) provincialism
    (D) tyranny
    (E) autonomy

7. Our high-------vocabulary for street crime contrasts sharply with our------vocabulary for corporate crime, a fact that   
    corresponds to the general public's unawareness of the extent of corporate crime.
    (A) nuanced ..subtle
    (B) uninformative ..misleading
    (C) euphemistic ..abstract
    (D) differentiated ..limited
    (E) technical ..jargon-laden

8. DIVERGE : APART::
    (A) traverse : across
    (B) suspend : around
    (C) reverse : beyond
    (D) repose : beside
    (E) involve : among

9. ATROCIOUS : BAD::
    (A) excessive : adequate
    (B) momentous : important
    (C) unavailing : helpful
    (D) contagious : diseased
    (E) nominal : satisfactory

10. PATRONIZE : CONDESCENSION::
     (A) exasperate : anger
     (B) deride : mockery
     (C) compensate : apology
     (D) hurry : decision
     (E) encroach : fearlessness

11. FANG : TOOTH::
     (A) gum : mouth
     (B) elbow : arm
     (C) bank : river
     (D) finger : digit
     (E) summit ; mountain

12. ANALGESIC : PAIN::
     (A) sedative : sleep
     (B) stimulant : mood
     (C) antiseptic : odor
     (D) anesthetic : sensation
     (E) ointment : skin

13. IMPECCABLE : FLAW::
     (A) foreseeable : outcome
     (B) mundane : substance
     (C) dishonorable : blemish
     (D) ingenuous : guile
     (E) portentous : omen
 
14. POLEMIC : DISPUTATIOUS::
     (A) anachronism : chronological
     (B) vernacular : unpretentious
     (C) invective : abusive
     (D) platitude : insightful
     (E) eulogy : unrealistic

15. EMBARRASS : SHAME::
     (A) coax : reluctance
     (B) sleep : fatigue
     (C) doubt : uncertainty
     (D) belittle : condescension
     (E) console : comfort

16. ETCH : CORROSIVE::
     (A) shrink : diminutive
     (B) destroy : worthless
     (C) glue : adhesive
     (D) sculpt : malleable
     (E) polish : glossy

A special mucous coating that serves as a chemical camouflage allows clown fish to live among the deadly tentacles of the unsuspecting sea anemone . Utterly dependent on this unlikely host for protection from (5)predators, clown fish have Evolved in isolated communities, a pattern that has led to unusual behavioral adaptations. The rigidly defined hierarchy of each clown-fish community is dominated by a monogamous breeding pair (10)consisting of the largest fish, a female, and the next Largest a male, attended by a fixed number of sexually immature fish ranging in size from large to tiny. A remarkable adaptation is that the development of these juveniles is somehow arrested until the hierarchy changes; then they (15)crow in lockstep, maintaining their relative sizes. While the community thus economizes on limited space and food resources, life is risky for newly spawned clown fish. On hatching, the hundreds of larvae drift off into the plankton.If, within three weeks, the defenseless larval clown fish (20)locates a suitable anemone(either by pure chance or perhaps guided by chemicals secreted by the anemone), it may survive. However, if an anemone is fully occupied, the resident clown fish will repel any newcomer. Though advantageous for established community mem- (25)bers, the suspended and staggered maturation of juveniles might seem to pose a danger to the continuity of the community: there is only one successor for two breeding fish. Should one of a pair die, the remaining fish cannot swim off in search of a mate, nor is one likely to arrive. It (30)would seem inevitable that reproduction must sometimes have to halt, pending the chance arrival and maturation of a larval fish of the appropriate sex. This, however, turns out not to be the case. In experiments, vacancies have been contrived by removing an (35)established fish from a community. Elimination of the breeding male triggers the prompt maturation of the largest juvenile. Each remaining juvenile also grows somewhat, and a minuscule newcomer drops in from the plankton. Removal of the female also triggers growth in all (40)remaining fish and acceptance of a newcomer, but the female is replaced by the adult male. Within days, the male's behavior alters and physiological transformation is complete within a few months. Thus, whichever of the breeding pair is lost, a relatively large juvenile can fill (45)the void, and reproduction can resume with a minimal loss of time. Furthermore, the new mate has already proved its ability to survive. This transformation of a male into a female, or protandrous hermaphroditism, is rare among reef fish. The (50)more common protogynous hermaphroditism, where  females change into males, does not occur among clown fish. An intriguing question for further research is whether a juvenile clown fish can turn directly into a female or whether it must function first as a male.

17. The passage is primarily concerned with
      (A) analyzing the mutually advantageous relationship between two species
      (B) comparing two forms of hermaphroditism among clown fish
      (C) describing and explaining aspects of clown-fish behavior
      (D) outlining proposed research on clown-fish reproduction
      (E) attempting to reconcile inconsistent observations of clown-fish development

18. It can be inferred from the passage that the clown fish is able to survive in close association with the sea anemone 
      because the
      (A) sea anemone cannot detect the presence of the clown fish
      (B) tentacles of the sea anemone cannot grasp the slippery clown fish
      (C) sea anemone prefers other prey
      (D) clown fish does not actually come within the range of the sea anemone's tentacles
      (E) clown fish has developed tolerance to the sea anemone's poison

19. According to the passage, adult clown fish would be at a disadvantage if they were not associated with sea anemones
      because the clown fish would.
      (A) be incapable of sexual transformation
      (B) be vulnerable to predators
      (C) have no reliable source of food
      (D) have to lay their eggs in the open
      (E) face competition from other clown fish

20. It can be inferred from the passage that sex change would have been less necessary for the clown fish if
      (A) the male clown fish were larger than the female
      (B) each sea anemone were occupied by several varieties of clown fish
      (C) many mature clown fish of both sexes occupied each sea anemone
      (D) juvenile clown fish had a high mortality rate
      (E) both male clown fish and female clown fish were highly territorial

21. The author mentions all of the following as characteristic of the "rigidly defined hierarchy" (line 8 ) of the clown-fish
      community EXCEPT:
      (A) At any time only one female clown fish can be reproductively active
      (B) The mature clown fish are monogamous
      (C) The growth of clown fish is synchronized
      (D) The maximum number of clown fish is fixed   
      (E) There are equal numbers of male juveniles and female juveniles

22. Which of the following statements about newly hatched clown fish can be inferred from the passage?
      (A) They develop rapidly
      (B) They remain close to the sea anemone occupied by their parents
      (C) They are more sensitive to chemical signals than are adult clown fish.
      (D) They are not protected by their parents
      (E) They are less vulnerable to predation than are adult fish.

23. Which of the following, if true, would be LEAST consistent with the author's explanation of the advantage of
      hermaphroditism for clown fish?
      (A) The number of individuals in a clown-fish community fluctuates significantly 
      (B) Adult clown fish frequently cannibalize their young
      (C) The sea anemone tolerates clown fish only during a specific stage of the anemone's life cycle.
      (D) Juvenile clown fish rarely reach maturity
      (E) Clown-fish communities are capable of efficiently recruiting solitary adult clown fish