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26 All Natural Beauty Tips For Any Skin Type

Natural beauty may seem elusive. Perhaps even a bit difficult to achieve. But it's really not. Everyone can be naturally beautiful. Yes, even you. And it's far easier than most people realize.

After years of skin care research and practicing naturopathic medicine, I've found dozens of ways you can develop healthy and naturally glowing skin in just a few steps and with just a few ingredients you likely already have in your house.

So if you've been thinking about trying expensive or invasive procedures... or if you're using products full of chemical-based ingredients – for the love of your skin, please stop. As an alternative to expensive, invasive procedures and toxic skin care ingredients, these do-it-yourself tips will help you save time, money, and your health.

And, what's better still – using the natural healing powers of nature, and supporting your body's innate healing capacities will not only help you to look naturally beautiful... it'll help you feel your best too.

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Best defense against oily skin

Oily skin isn't something you can fix—it's just something you have to manage. And rather than stripping oily skin entirely or using a super lightweight lotion, turns out the best way to moisturize oily skin is with face oil. The key is to find the oil that suits your own skin type or complexion issues. For example, grapeseed oil is lightweight and full of antioxidants, making it ideal for pre-sunscreen hydration. Other oils, like tea tree, can actually fight sebum buildup, bacteria, and inflammation. Some oils even have acne-fighting properties, like Sunday Riley U.F.O. Ultra-Clarifying Face Oil ($80, sephora.com), which has earned a permanent spot in my medicine cabinet.

1. Don't ever leave home without a Beautyblender.
This must-know tip relates to your grubby hands, too. Remember how I told you to not touch your face? Same goes for when you apply makeup and skin-care, which I know seems like a lot of work. All you need is one magical tool: the Beautyblender. The OG miracle pink sponge seamlessly blends face creams, foundations, eyeshadows, blush—pretty much any thing you can think of. The key is to dampen the sponge prior to use, but bonus points if you use something soothing, like anti-inflammatory rose water. I keep both a Beautyblender ($20, beautyblender.com) and Glossier Soothing Face Mist ($18, glossier.com) with me at all times for that specific purpose.

2. Coat your hair in conditioner before a swim at the beach or the pool.
If you've ever gone to a public pool, chances are you may have been asked to hop under the showerhead first, to rinse off any excess dirt. While you're there, give strands a fighting chance against damaging chlorine or saltwater by coating them with a sulfate-free deep conditioner, like L'Oreal Paris Advanced Haircare Total Repair 5 Damage-Erasing Balm ($5.99, target.com). The conditioner helps to fill holes (read: damage) in the hair cuticle, preventing any further breakage from forming.

3. Purple shampoo saves blonde lives.
As a lifelong blonde with only a brief flirtation with the relative dark side (a dark, dark dirty blonde), there's been nothing more helpful than maintaining my bright blonde and avoiding orange brassiness than a high-quality purple shampoo. If you wanna splurge, Oribe Bright Blonde Shampoo ($46, oribe.com) is literally the greatest smelling shampoo on earth, but you can get the same effect for a fraction of the cost with Clairol Shimmer Lights ($8, sallybeauty.com). Purple shampoo neutralizes orange deposits, helping eliminate brassiness or that bad-dye-job look.

4. Wiggle your mascara wand horizontally through your lashes to create definition and separation.
While this may seem counterintuitive if you're looking to lengthen your lashes, the only way you're gonna really get clump-free coatings is with this badass makeup-artist trick. I'm pretty sure I learned this in one of my very first interviews, but it's the only way I'll actually wear mascara now. By simply wiggling the wand back and forth, slowly working your way up, your eyelashes get coated with just enough formula to define, lengthen, and volumize without it looking like you're an extra from the new Spiderman.

5. A few drops of essential oil on the shower floor—plus a few minutes to let the steam really develop—makes for a spa-like experience.
This is probably my oldest trick in the book. Thank you, Lisa Hoffman (yes, the wife of Dustin!), for this wonderful tip, which I regularly use to this day. Because I'm all about that #selfcare life, I like to make my showers as experiential as possible. Sometimes I'll do a specific shower meditation or smudge the bathroom in sage to get rid of negative energies before hopping in, but the one consistent is that I'll always let the shower run for a few minutes after I've dropped a bit of whatever essential oil I'm feeling that day to create a spa-like steam shower. When I'm half asleep, I'll reach for an energizing oil or two, like lemongrass or eucalyptus, but if I'm about to hit the pillow, I'll usually do something more meditative and calming, like lavender or frankincense. Regardless of the oil you choose, take a few deep breaths, use caution to avoid slipping, and chill the hell out.

6. Go for a microfiber hair towel—and never flip your head over post-shower.
Guilty as charged. For most of my life, after showering I'd flip my head over, shake out some excess water, and tie it up with a terrycloth towel. This routine no doubt contributed to all the aforementioned hair damage. But once I discovered the slew of towels designed for hair specifically, like the Aquis Lisse Luxe Long Hair Towel ($35, aquis.com), I realized how much LESS damage I would cause if I didn't flip or overly twist fragile, wet strands. Instead, these towels gently sop up excess moisture after I carefully blot a freshly washed head of hair before applying a styling product.

7. Lip balm is the most versatile product you can have on you.
You can moisturize cuticles, fix frizzy spots or cowlicks, or add a bit of glossiness to your eyelids. I only say this because I tried it all in a moment of desperation long before I even knew you could be a beauty editor for a LIVING. As a sophomore in high school I wasn't exactly toting around my now-impeccably curated on-the-go beauty bag, complete with a teensy flatiron and product minis. So when pieces of hair stuck out, I turned to my little tube of Aquaphor ($4, target.com). Even if I was a bit too heavy handed when I was younger, I was able to tuck away my edges that made me self conscious. I also discovered, a bit later in life, that my hero tube is equally as effective to use on my lids and lashes in a pinch, giving me that dewy, I'm-made-up-but-not look that I love so much.

8. Don't ever skip that post-workout shower.
Body acne is real. The easiest way to wind up with a few whiteheads on your chest or a cystic zit on your upper back is to not shower after a workout. One dermatologist swore to me that using a body-cleansing wipe, like Yuni Shower Sheets ($15, yunibeauty.com), is a great stop-gap, but if you've still got your sweaty clothes on it's kind of a moot move. The best thing you can do is actually shower, obviously—but if not, grab a cleansing wipe or two plus a fresh set of dry clothes to keep skin blemish-free.

9. SPF is the best anti-aging tool you can own.
I could wax poetic about how important it is to slather on sunscreen before you step outside even on the cloudiest of days. By protecting skin from UVA and UVB rays, a broad-spectrum sunscreen protects skin from wrinkles and dark age spots (not to mention skin cancer). And if you're worried about SPF breaking you out, just make sure to look for a face-specific SPF that has a "non-comedogenic" label on the tube, which means it won't clog your pores. I'm really into Pacifica Mineral Face Shade Coconut Probiotic SPF 30 ($13, target.com), which is vegan and cruelty-free, too.

10.Love dry shampoo? You'll love it even more if you use it before you hit the pillow.
A good spritz of dry shampoo can work wonders to help you stretch out your last hair washing, but I've found a genius way to do more than your average emergency oil mop-up before heading to work. I've found it to be FAR more effective if I work in some dry shampoo, like Briogeo Scalp Revival Charcoal + Biotin Dry Shampoo ($24, sephora.com), and tie my hair up in a loose bun before hitting the sack. It really gives the dry shampoo time to work its magic—absorbing the oils in my scalp, giving my thin hair a bit of volume—and also avoids the dreaded powdered part that's the dead giveaway you haven't washed your hair in a while.

SOURCE-https://www.self.com

The 9 Best Beauty Tricks

1. Keep your eye cream and nail polish in the fridge.
The reason some eye creams are sold in tubes with metal tips is that the metal helps deflate puffy areas by cooling the skin, which theoretically constricts blood vessels. But you can get the same exact effect by just stashing any old eye cream in the refrigerator. During the summer, I do this with my can't-live-without-it Yes To Coconuts Ultra Hydrating Overnight Eye Balm ($16, ulta.com), but it works with any formula. The fridge is also a great place to stash nail polish, as it keeps it from thickening over time.

2. Always layer your skin-care products from thinnest to thickest texture.
If you think about your skin as if it were a sponge, you want it to soak up all the good stuff you're applying to your face and body. Therefore, it's important to layer properly. Use the thinner, more watery products first in your skin routine and finish with the heaviest creams or oils. Oils help seal in any products applied prior. So if you're starting with an oil and then adding a lighter hyaluronic acid serum on top, you're not going to see those amazing HA benefits.

3. You can curl your entire head with an iron in under two minutes flat.
This is the one trick that has saved me the most time over the years. Splitting my hair into one-inch sections and then rolling over each with the curling iron used to take me 30 minutes, but I have cut styling time to a mere two minutes with this hack I learned from Pinterest. After blow-drying hair straight or letting it air-dry, throw it into a high ponytail atop your head and split into four even sections. Roll the wand around each, set with some texturizing spray, then shake out after hair is cool—like after your morning commute. I like an easy-to-use curler like the Eva NYC 25mm Tourmaline Clipless Curling Wand ($60, target.com).

4. Never underestimate the power of a bold lipstick.
I can't tell you how many makeup artists have told me lipstick would be their "desert island" beauty product pick. Before I began my career, I was a mascara diehard. Now, not so much. Turns out a lipstick, especially something bold (I love a hot magenta or coral in the summer; a classic red in the winter) can also be dotted onto the apples of cheeks and the lids of eyes for a monochromatic look you can pull together in two seconds flat. I regularly do this with whatever lipstick I have on hand. (If you're a bit gun-shy at the idea of a one-color-fits-all look, try a lipstick close to your lip color for a neutral effect.) My go-to is Tom Ford Lips & Boys in Thomas ($36, sephora.com).

5. Don't touch your face unless you have to. Your hands are GRUBBY.
And hand sanitizer totally doesn't count—at all. As someone who is oddly scared of others touching my face, perhaps I take this tip a bit too seriously. But your hands are REALLY dirty. Anytime you're just cradling your chin in thought, putting your hand to your cheek or the like, you're actually leaving germs behind, and creating a potential zit minefield.

6. Setting spray is actually life.
Makeup primer is the natural go-to product to prep your skin for long-wearing makeup application, while also helping seal in your skin-care routine. But what's even better is setting spray. After you finish your makeup, just a few choice spritzes will keep everything in place. Try one with added benefits, like Urban Decay Chill Makeup Setting Spray ($31, sephora.com), which cools and hydrates skin, or CoverFX Illuminating Setting Spray ($31, sephora.com), which gives dull complexions an ethereal glow.

7. Don't double or triple process your hair like I have.
I have made a trillion hair mistakes in my almost 33 years. I was born with light blonde hair that turned green every summer because I loved to swim. By the time I was a teen, it had gotten darker and curlier—the latter of which was extremely distressing in the 1990s when everyone's hair was stick straight and mine had a Jewish frizz pattern that even the toughest of stylists had problems taming. So I started getting highlights at far too young of an age (15, fine, I'll tell you). By the time I was 17, the Japanese straightening process had rolled around. And I did that, too.

You know what happened? My hair all but broke off. I had pieces of various lengths and textures. But I didn't learn my lesson, and probably never will, because today, I highlight my naturally dark blonde hair to a pretty bombshell hue and get keratin treatments. But that's because I'm beyond repair. Treat your hair well. Be kind to it.

8. Use a gel-like topcoat on every single manicure.
I've had manicurists look at me strangely for toting a gel-like topcoat everywhere I go. Even if you're using a regular nail polish, use one of the topcoats designed for gel-like results without the UV light, like Essie Gel-Setter Topcoat ($10, target.com). It gives any regular polish a hard, clear lacquered coating, and if you refresh it every other day, your mani will last twice as long.

9. The best defense against oily skin is an offense of face oils.
Oily skin isn't something you can fix—it's just something you have to manage. And rather than stripping oily skin entirely or using a super lightweight lotion, turns out the best way to moisturize oily skin is with face oil. The key is to find the oil that suits your own skin type or complexion issues. For example, grapeseed oil is lightweight and full of antioxidants, making it ideal for pre-sunscreen hydration. Other oils, like tea tree, can actually fight sebum buildup, bacteria, and inflammation. Some oils even have acne-fighting properties, like Sunday Riley U.F.O. Ultra-Clarifying Face Oil ($80, sephora.com), which has earned a permanent spot in my medicine cabinet.



SOURCE-https://www.self.com

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What Happens When You Don't Take Care Of Your Hair?
If you don't take care of your hair, it may stop growing after a point. Slowly, you may start experiencing dandruff, hair fall, dryness and dullness.

Not washing hair for long periods can cause ingrown hairs. Yes, you heard it right! They can occur on the scalp too. Also, by leaving your hair unwashed for a long time, you are attracting more dust. Using wrong hair care products can make you feel itchy and lead to hair fall.

Wrapping Up

So by using chemical-free products created for your individual hair type, eating right, avoiding heat styling and following all the above tips, you can bid bad hair days a goodbye! But most importantly, if you experience excessive hair fall and damage despite following a good hair care routine, consult your doctor. And hair or no hair, celebrate yourself nevertheless.

What Is Hair Damage?

Hair damage occurs when aggressors (think friction, heat, and harsh chemical treatments) attack the protective outer layer of your hair (a.k.a the cuticle) leaving cracks in its exterior. Once cracked, the cuticle lifts (or opens up), causing your hair to look dull, dry, frizzy, or brittle, while also making it more prone to damage and breakage, thus continuing what can seem like a neverending hair nightmare. But don't worry—all hope is not lost! While you may not be able to completely repair hair that is already damaged, there are still plenty of steps you can take to help prevent it from happening in the future.

1. Improve Your Hair Brushing Skills
You may have heard that brushing your hair 100 strokes a day is part of a healthy hair care routine, but that's nothing more than a myth. In reality, an excessive amount of brushing can cause severe damage to the hair, especially when your hair is still wet, as that's when it is its most elastic and therefore, more likely to break. Instead, it's recommended that you apply a post-shower conditioner, like our fully customizable leave-in treatment, to wet hair and, using a wide-tooth comb, gently rake it through your strands, detangling them as you go. You should also avoid brushing your hair throughout the day, making an exception only when you need to detangle again, as dry ends are also at risk of snapping. 

2. Invest In Good Hair Ties
Now, don't get us wrong, we love our hair ties (how else would we be able to get through a workout?), but that doesn't mean that we don't see them for the hair-damaging culprits that they are. Useful though they may be, hair ties have a tendency to pull on the scalp and hair cuticles, which is why you may sometimes notice that your hair falls out a bit every time you undo your elastic. To prevent this, try wearing your hair down more often, or, at the very least, opt for a breakage-preventing style, like an Invisibobble.

3. Step Up Your Blow-Drying Game
It's no secret that blow-drying your hair every day can cause severe damage, but that doesn't necessarily mean that you need to commit to a lifetime of air-drying either. The key is to learn how to dry your hair the right way. That means allowing your hair to air-dry a bit first (about 75% of the way) before finishing it off with a blow-dryer, and giving your strands a break from the heat at least a few times a week. When you are drying your hair (preferably on the lowest heat setting), make sure to also put at least a half an inch of space between your strands and the dryer to avoid scorching your ends, and always, always, always apply a heat protectant first. (In case you haven't heard, our customizable leave-in treatment is an excellent option for this *wink, wink.*)

4. Don't Heat Style Dirty Hair
While we're on the topic, it's also worth noting that using a straightener or a curling iron on hair that hasn't been adequately cleansed is also a big no-no when it comes to combating hair damage. That's because, in addition to the already inevitable damage from heat styling, some styling products (dry shampoos, texture sprays, waxes, etc.) contain ingredients that aren't meant to be combined with excessive heat. Instead, reach for products that are specifically designed to hydrate and protect your strands in-between washes and, as always, never use your heat tools without applying a heat protectant first.

5. Know How Often To Wash Your Hair
Let's get this straight once and for all: how often you cleanse your mane is entirely up to you and is dependent upon your hair type, hairstyle, and lifestyle. That said, there is such a thing as over or under washing your hair, both of which can lead to damage. While daily washes are fine if you have oily hair, extremely dry hair may only need weekly shampooing, according to the Nemours Foundation. Either way, you want to make sure you're washing your hair with a shampoo that's formulated for your hair type at least every couple of days (or whenever it gets dirty) as infrequent washing can lead to a buildup of dead cells, product residue, oil, and bacteria, all of which can cause—yep, you guessed it—hair damage. 

6. Beware Of Overprocessing
Sorry, color-treated girls, but all of that chemical processing you're doing may be causing irreversible damage to your hair. While not all color treatments are the same in regards to the amount of damage they create (a semi-permanent process like a gloss is far less damaging than a double process like bleaching), they are still anything but harmless. That's because the harsh chemicals present in these dyes can make your hair shafts porous to the point of exposing the hair cortex, which once broken, leads to extreme breakage. To help counteract those adverse effects, it's important to keep the hair constantly hydrated and to use products that help repair the hair, like a deep conditioning mask or a daily leave-in treatment (seriously, is there anything a good leave-in product can't do?). The AAD also recommends extending the time between your sessions to 8–10 weeks, if possible, to ensure you're not overdoing it. Your hair can only take so much, after all.

Ready to say goodbye to your hair damage once and for all? Start by creating your perfect customized hair care formula here!

SOURCE-FUNCTION OF BEAUTY

Hair Care Dos
1. Wash Your Hair Regularly
Washing your hair regularly ensures that your scalp and hair is free of dirt and excess oil. However, the right frequency depends on your hair type and personal preferences. If you have extremely dry hair, limit your washing to twice a week. If you have an oily scalp, washing your hair on alternate days can help.

2. Use Chemical Free Shampoos
You really can't control all the environmental factors that damage your hair, but what you can control is the kind of shampoos you use. Lesser the number of chemicals in your shampoo, healthier your hair. Go for gentle shampoos that suit your hair type.

Sulfates and parabens in shampoos are used for lathering and preserving respectively, but they can cause skin irritation over time and increase the risk of hormonal disruptions.

3. Dry Your Hair Naturally
We know. Blow drying makes your hair as beautiful as that of your on-screen idol. But excessive heat styling can damage your hair scalp. Limit it to important events, if you have to style. Air drying or towel drying after shampoo is the best way to go. Never sleep in wet hair or comb wet hair. Harsh rubbing with a towel can damage the cuticle of your hair. Be gentle.

4. Oil Your Hair Properly
Pre-shampoo treatments like oiling and massaging improve blood circulation on the scalp, relax your muscles, boost shine and nourish the hair. It also restores moisture content, enables hair growth and repairs split ends. You can choose from coconut oil, almond oil, olive oil, castor oil and the likes. Avoid using mineral oil on your hair.

5. Use A Hair Wrap Or Old T-shirt To Dry
This one's new. Your t-shirt can be used to dry your wet hair without causing damage to the hair. Traditional towels are rough on your hair cuticles and damage your hair over time. Save up your soft, old t-shirts from now on!

Hair Care Don'ts
1. Hot Showers
Hot showers strip off the natural oils from your scalp leaving it dry and flaky. Cold showers are your best bet.

2. Stress
If you notice someone with healthy hair, we can bet our lives and say that they worry a little less. Stress can cause hair fall and unhealthy hair.

3. Chemicals
Chemicals from dying, perming and other hair treatments affect your hair follicles, disrupt hair growth and can also lead to hair fall.

4. Hair Styling Products
Heat styling using straighteners, blow dryers and curlers for prolonged periods changes hair texture, makes hair dry and prone to breakage.

5. Salt Water Hair Wash
Salt water damages the hair cuticle, irritates the scalp and makes the hair tangled. Avoid chlorinated water in swimming pools.

SOURCE-SkinKraft

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Morning routine for face glowness

Home made pack for instant glow

How to make a pack powder ?

Ingredients

1. TURMERIC



2. MULTANI MITI



3.GRAM FLOUR



Take all ingredients in same proportion and mix it well and keep it in the bottle.
use it us morning routine.


ARTICLE- NAGADEVI

How to remove tanning from Knee

Knees:

No matter how much careful you are there are certain areas which once are tanned or get black it is difficult to remove the blackness and roughness from that area. And one such area is knees. Once your knees start getting black and if enough care isn't take care then removing it becomes difficult. So here are certain tips that will help you to remove the blackness from your knees. Dark and ashy knees can sometimes be the result of accumulation of dead skin cell ..

1.Oatmeal scrub: Mix two tablespoons powdered oatmeal with two teaspoons fresh cream or honey. Apply the paste on the knees and leave for few minutes. Now gently massage the paste on the knees. Use only the tips of your fingers for massaging. Wash off the paste after massaging with cold water. Oatmeal works as a great exfoliator and removes dead skin cells.

2. Baking soda: Baking soda is an excellent natural scrub. Make a paste of baking powder using water. Apply the paste on the dark knees and leave for about five minutes. After five minutes wet your hands and start scrubbing the knees where the baking soda is placed for 7-10 minutes. Remove the baking soda paste using water. Pat them dry however let them remain a little damp as you should immediately apply moisturizer on it. Do this on alternate days.

3. Almonds: In a bowl take one tablespoon powdered almonds and one teaspoon finely powdered almond shells. Mix them by adding fresh cream. Apply the paste on the knees and massage them for 10 minutes. Once the massing is done leave the scrub on the knees for five minutes and then remove using lukewarm water. Dry the knees and apply a moisturizer. You could even replace apricot shells with walnut shells.

4. Olive Oil: Warm a little olive oil and apply it on your dark knees. Rub the oil well into the skin. Do this treatment at night before going to bed. Do this thrice a week. Olive oil will not only cure the problem of dark/ashy knees but also soften the skin on the knees. You could also use warm coconut oil in place of olive oil for massaging the dark knees. Coconut oil is as effective as olive oil but it needs to be massaged daily on the knees.

5. Lemon: Lemon is natural bleach and can lighten the color of the knees with regular use. Wash your knees and rub one half of a lemon fruit on knee and the other half on the other knee. Rub for 10 minutes and then allow the juice to dry. Wash the juice using cold water. Do this treatment as many numbers of times as you want in a day. But don't forget to apply a moisturizer to the knees after every treatment.

How to remove tanning from elbows

Elbows:

Tanning and darkening of elbows is one of the most difficult and stubborn areas from where removing these black spots becomes a task. But there are certain home remedies that will help you to get rid of dark and black elbows.

1. Sunscreen: Sunscreen should be generously applied on the elbows when venturing outside as elbows is also exposed to the harsh sunrays which can ruin your skin cells. So the next time you are stepping out of your home apply a generous dose of sunscreen.

2. Lemon Juice: Lemon juice acts as a great exfoliator. Cut a lemon into half and rub one half of a lemon fruit on one elbow and the other half on the other elbow. Rub for 10 minutes and then allow the juice to dry. Wash the juice using cold water. Do this treatment as many numbers of times as you want in a day. But don't forget to apply a moisturizer on your elbows after every treatment.

3. Turmeric, Honey and Milk: Turmeric has antiseptic properties and milk act as bleach, while honey moisturizes the dry skin. Mix some turmeric with milk and honey to make it a smooth paste. Apply it on the dark areas and leave it there for at least 20 minutes. Wet your hands and rub it for few minutes and then wash it off with cold water.

4. Sugar and Olive Oil: Sugar works as an excellent source of exfoliation, while olive oil will moisturize the skin. Mix equal quantities of olive oil and sugar to make a thick paste. Apply this mix on to the black knees and elbow. Rub the skin using this mixture for about five minutes. Wash using mild soap and water.

5. Gram Flour and Lemon: Gram flour cleanses the area and also provides mild exfoliation. While lemon juice acts as a natural bleach that will help to reduce the darkness from your elbows. Add some lime juice to gram flour to make it paste. Apply the mixture and rub in circular motion on your elbows. Allow it to dry and wash it off with cold water.

Genius Morning Beauty

The Only Makeup Routine You Need



This five-minute, five-product makeup routine from Bobbi Brown Director of Global Artistry Kim Soane will be a lifesaver in the mornings. The handful of simple steps will help to get rid of under-eye circles, an uneven complexion, and sparse brows. All you need are concealer, foundation, a lip-and-cheek stain, brow filler, and mascara to help you go from "just woke up" to "I'm ready to take on the day."

Last-Minute Manicure


If you wake up to find a can't-miss party invitation for the same night sitting in your inbox, we've got you covered on the nail front. This metallic foil manicure is shockingly easy.

All you need are a base color (a darker color works best), a base coat, gold foil, and a topcoat. Swipe your nails with the base color and base coat, then use tweezers to place the bits of foil on your nails while the base coat is still wet, and use the topcoat to seal them in.

Get the Perfect Cat Eye Every Time



If drawing a cat eye for you is like painting a Renoir onto your eyelids, save yourself the grief by making a stencil. Just cut your desired cat-eye shape into a small piece of paper, and hold it up to your lids when applying liner. An even simpler hack? Use a straight edge like a credit card to outline the shape of a perfect cat-eye line every time.

Do a Dressy Ponytail in No Time



This criss-cross ponytail may look complex, but it only takes three minutes to do! The woven design immediately upgrades the classic second-day style to red carpet-worthy levels.

Hydrate Skin While You Sleep



Why spend precious time in the morning moisturizing your face when you can do it in your sleep with an overnight mask like Origins Drink Up Intensive ($25)? The mask's avocado and apricot kernel oil will instantly rehydrate your skin, while Japanese seaweed will help fortify skin to help prevent future dehydration and aging.

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7 Ways to Get Rid of Dark Circles

1. Cold Compress
In the morning or evening – or better yet, in the morning AND the evening – apply a cold compress for about 10 minutes. If you have a mask you can keep in your fridge and pull out twice a day, that's the easiest way to try this dark circle reducing method. Just make sure to keep it clean and give it a good soapy scrub a few times a week!

2. Cucumbers
We've all seen cucumbers used as cold compresses on television and in films – but do they really work?

In fact, cucumbers have skin-lightening and mild astringent properties, so you can use cucumber slices to fix raccoon eyes naturally.

To try this method twice a day, chop a fresh cucumber into thick slices and then refrigerate for 30 minutes. Then, leave the slices on your eyes for 10 minutes. Rinse your eye area with warm (but not hot) water after using.

3. Cucumber Juice + Lemon Juice
If cucumber slices don't work for you, try mixing equal parts cucumber and lemon juice and then use a cotton ball to apply to your under-eye circles. (DO NOT get lemon juice in your eye!) Leave the solution on your skin for 15 minutes and then rinse with warm water.

4. Rose Water
Rose water doesn't just smell fantastic – it can also soothe and rejuvenate tired skin. Like cucumber, it's a mild astringent, so it can work as a skin toner. Just soak cotton makeup remover pads in rose water for a few minutes, and then let the soaked makeup pads sit on your CLOSED eyelids. Leave them for about 15 minutes twice daily.

5. Tomatoes
Tomatoes are high in lycopene, a substance that's excellent for your cardiovascular health, vision and your skin. Lycopene can help create softer, more supple skin, as well as decrease the appearance of dark under eye circles.

To gain the medical benefits of the lycopene found in tomatoes, mix equal parts tomato juice with lemon juice and then use a cotton ball or makeup remover pad to apply it to your under eye area. (Again, PLEASE do not get lemon juice in your eyes.) Leave the solution for 10 minutes and then rinse with warm water, twice daily.

A tasty concoction of tomato juice, lemon juice and mint leaves to drink daily will also help improve your overall health as well as your skin.

6. Cold tea bags
If you don't have a cold compress or mask to use, substitute with tea bags. Many teas like green tea have the added benefit of antioxidants, which have anti-inflammatory properties that help soothe strained capillaries in your under eye area.

7. Potatoes
Potatoes are a surprising source of lots of vitamin C, which among other things is great for the synthesis of collagen to promote healthier, younger-looking skin.

To harness the power of vitamin C to treat your under eye bags, grate some potatoes. Extract the juice from the potato and soak some cotton makeup remover pads in the juice. Place the pads on your eyes for about 10 minutes and then rinse with warm water.

10 Effective Home Remedies for Pink Lips

 How to Get Pink Lips Naturally at Home?

Protecting yourself from pollutants by wearing lip balm with SPF protection, staying hydrated, and using quality products will go a long way in preventing discolouration of your lips. But if you do happen to have dark and chapped lips, use these natural remedies to regain the pink colour of your lips:

1. Lemon and Glycerine Lip Mask
This particular lip mask is a sureshot way to lighten your lips and hydrate them well.

Lemon and Glycerine Lip Mask

What You Need

Lemon juice- 1 teaspoon
Organic glycerine- 1 teaspoon
Storage container
How to Apply

Mix the two ingredients well and put it in a clean and dry container.
The mix keeps well for long if refrigerated.
Apply it on to your lips in a thick layer.
You can wash it off after some time, or leave it on till it is completely absorbed.
How Often to Use

You can use this mask/ balm daily.

How It Works

Lemon is a known lightening agent. Glycerine is one of the best known natural skin hydrating agents. Together the two can reduce pigmentation and plum up your lips in a short period.

2. Beetroot Lip Balm

Beets have a naturally rich colour pigment from the compound betanin. This lets beetroot stain anything it touches. This is the reason a beetroot lip balm will work well to brink the pink back to your skin. Here is how to make your lips pink naturally forever.

Beetroot Lip Balm

What You Need

Beetroot powder- ½ spoon (Use steamed, and pureed beet of you do not have powder)
Shea butter- 1 tablespoon
Olive oil- 2 tablespoons
Beeswax pellets- 1 tablespoon
How to Apply
Heat the ingredients in a boiler.
Mix until the ingredients combine well.
Pour the mix out into a small glass jar.
Allow it to cool before using it as a regular lip balm.
How Often to Use

Use it as you would use any lip balm. If you are not used to it, then make it a new habit because the more you apply it, the softer and rosier your lips will be.

How It Works

Shea butter and beeswax are excellent antioxidants as well as moisturisers. The olive oil is an organic conditioner. Betanin can help restore the reds in your lip.

3. Milk and Turmeric Exfoliator

Milk with turmeric can cure almost anything. Hot milk and turmeric have been used in India for ages to relieve symptoms of cough and throat infection. Cold milk can give your lips a natural pink tint while turmeric can take care of the pigmentation.

Milk and Turmeric Exfoliator

What You Need

Turmeric- ½ to 1 teaspoon
Cold milk- 1 teaspoon
How to Apply

Mix the two ingredients to form a thick paste.
Apply the paste and let it sit for 5 minutes.
Once it dries, scrub your lips gently before washing it off.
How Often to Use

Please use this remedy every alternate day regularly. It shows a marked change in the quality and colouration of your lips.

How It Works

Curcumin in turmeric is known for its medicinal properties. Milk is as a natural moisturiser and cleanser. The two combined will bring your lips back to their former rosy glow.

4. Sugar and Coconut Oil Scrub

While we take care to exfoliate our faces regularly, we may leave out our lips because we are told that the layer of skin covering our lips is too delicate and can be damaged easily. But exfoliation is as essential to your lips as it is to your face and body.

Sugar and Coconut Oil Scrub

What You Need

Refined or brown sugar- 1 tablespoon
Extra virgin coconut oil- 1 tablespoon
How to Apply

Mix the sugar with the oil and blend well.
Apply a bit of this mix on to your lips.
Scrub gently in circular motion.
Wipe off the mix with a damp cloth.
Apply lip balm after the exfoliation.
How Often to Use

Use the scrub once or twice a week.

How It Works

Sugar retains moisture and works as an exfoliant while the oil moisturises and hydrates the lips.

5. Pomegranate Seeds Mask
Pomegranate is a fruit that is rich in antioxidants and works miracles as an anti-ageing remedy. But these seeds are not just yummy to eat or make juice out of, but can also be turned into excellent exfoliators.

Pomegranate Mask

What You Need

Pomegranate seeds that are crushed well
Cream from cold milk
How to Apply

Pick out the seeds of a ripe pomegranate and crush them.
Mix it with fresh cream to create a paste.
Cleanse your lips and apply this paste on it.
Leave the mix on for approximately 10 minutes.
Wash it off with lukewarm water.
How Often to Use

If used thrice a week, the mask helps to reduce pigmentation of the lips.

How It Works

The mask exfoliates your lips gently while putting the much-needed moisture back in. Additionally, pomegranate contains punicalagin, a compound that can inhibit melanin production to reduce the darkening of your lips. Pomegranate is known also to strengthen the epidermal layer of your skin.

6. Cocoa and Chocolate Lip Therapy
As delicious as it sounds, this remedy is charming because it can fight dehydration like a few other ingredients. Could there be a more delicious way to get the gloss back into your lips?

Cocoa and Chocolate Lip Therapy

What You Need

Unsweetened dark chocolate- 2 squares of average size
Vitamin E capsule- 1
Cocoa butter- 1 teaspoon
How to Apply

Melt the cocoa butter with the chocolate in a boiler.
When the chocolate melts, add the Vitamin E oil.
Mix well and transfer to a bowl to cool.
Apply a thick layer of this mix on your lips.
Let it stay for 15 minutes.
Wash it off with warm water.
How Often to Use

If you have stored the leftover mix in a clean and dry container, you could use it as a lip balm anytime you feel your lips drying out.

How It Works

The cacao in chocolate has compounds that are rich antioxidants. They help fight the degeneration of the cells on your lips while moisturising them. This treatment works like a charm for lifeless and dark lips. Chocolate can also exfoliate dead cells, improve skin elasticity, add glow, and prevent sun damage. If you loved chocolate before, you only have another reason now!

7. Lip Balm and Toothbrush Exfoliation
This simple method can help remove debris and accumulated dead cells off your lips. It clears up flaky lips like magic.

Lip Balm and Toothbrush Exfoliation

What You Need

A lip balm of thick consistency
A soft toothbrush or an old cotton cloth
How to Apply

Spread a thick layer of lip balm on your lips.
Leave it on for as long as possible. This facilitates absorption of the lip balm.
If you can keep it overnight, it works to rejuvenate your lips well.
Once it has been absorbed well, use the soft bristles to massage your lips gently while exfoliating it to remove dead cells.
Use a soft cotton cloth if you do not want to use a brush.
Your lips will feel moisturised and soft.
How Often to Use

You can do this exfoliation every day if you prefer. Keeping the lip balm overnight increases the efficacy.

How It Works

Removing dead skin cells from your lips will help replenish moisture, and reduce the flakiness. The exfoliation performed is in its gentlest form to maintain the delicate balance of the lips' membrane.

8. Lemon Juice and Almond Oil
Sweet almond oil is a simple and effective remedy for lip discolouration.

Lemon and Almond Oil

What You Need

Lemon juice- a few drops
Sweet almond oil- a few drops
How to Apply

Mix the two ingredients nicely.
Apply like a lip balm.
Let it get absorbed.
How Often to Use

Use it as often as you can remember in a day.

How It Works

Almond oil is a rich antioxidant. It can help rejuvenate your lips while removing the debris of dead cells that have accumulated. Lemon juice is, of course, a natural skin lightener and helps restore colour to your lips. This mixture can make your lips soft, plump, and supple in a matter of a few days.

9. Rose Petals Mask
Rose petals have the pink in their name. This is a wonderful remedy to patchy and dry lip problems.

Rose Petals Mask

What You Need

Rose petals-5 or 6
Milk- ½ cup
How to Apply

Soak rose petals in milk for a night.
Strain the petals in the morning and mash them.
Add a few drops of the milk in which you've soaked the petals.
Make a mushy paste out of the two.
Apply this to your lips and leave on for 15 minutes.
Wash it off with cold water.
How Often to Use

If you fancy really rosy lips, you could do this every day. Done at night, the results will be even better because any remedy works like magic when the body is in resting mode.

How It Works

Natural oils and sugars are the secrets that rose petals hold. These help to lock in the moisture and work in an anti-inflammatory way while the milk moisturises the skin. Rose petals are known to revitalise the skin and bring back a glow to it. Rose has antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral properties that make it an ideal ingredient for the treatment of cuts, abrasions, dryness, and burns.

10. Coriander Lip Mask
Coriander isn't just a garnish that you use in your dishes. It is a powerful medicinal plant that has curative properties. It could be your answer to one of the best home remedies for pink lips in 15 days.

Corainder Lip Mask

What You Need

A handful of coriander leaves
How to Apply

Crush the leaves into a thick paste.
Apply the paste on to your lips.
Let it sit for 20 minutes.
Wash with warm water and pat dry.
Apply lip balm.
How Often to Use

Use it every day for a few weeks.

How It Works

Coriander leaves are rich in beta-carotene, lutein, beta-cryptoxanthin, and zeaxanthin. They are known for their antifungal and antioxidant properties. These leaves are also widely known for their ability to flush out toxins. The power of this mask can help restore the colour and quality of your lips if used with dedication.

Essential Tips to Consider
There are a few more things that you can do to bring the rosy colour back and keep it forever:

Eat tomato, melons, and cucumber to maintain hydration levels.
Saliva dries out the lips further. So do not lick chocolate lip masks or honey and sugar scrubs off your lips.
Commercial lip balms have many chemicals and preservatives. It takes only a little effort to make your lip balm at home.
If you are a smoker, know that no remedy will be lasting until you kick the habit.
Remove your makeup before going to bed.
Wear sunscreen if you spend the day under the sun.
Exfoliate even your lips, and use a mask too.
Strangely, it is also said that applying a couple of drops of mustard oil around your belly button can help you have softer lips. It might be tied to the fact that the oil cools the body temperature in some way, enabling relaxation. It may sound outlandish, but it seems to have worked for our grandmothers and may be worth a try!

So if you have dark, chapped, and flaky lips, the remedies we have mentioned can well be your chance to get back the sheen and colour of your lips. Bringing back the colour should be the least of your worries, thanks to the comprehensive list that we have put together for you. Keeping your lips in the pink of health is what you need to work on. It takes determination and consistency to try a treatment and stick to it until you see results. You needn't try them all. Pick the ones that are easy for you and make sure that you continue to use them even after you have regained the colour and suppleness of your lips.

Almond oil

This oil is a successful fighter against pimples, but at the same time, it's great for removing lipstick and other makeup products. Pour a few drops on a cotton pad and rub over your lips. Almond oil is a great and cheaper alternative to popular makeup removers.

Vaseline

The shape of the eyebrow is very important and affects the overall appearance of the face. If your eyebrows are "disobedient" or are curled, you will easily "tame" them by applying a small amount of vaseline. After that, just brush them with a brow brush.

Coconut oil

Hair is one of the most important concerns of every woman, and permanent painting, ironing or curling destroys the hair. Before washing your hair, massage the scalp with coconut oil and let it work for three minutes. Nutrients from this oil will feed hair and make it shiny and healthier.

Cold water

For the flawless tan, hydration is necessary. Dermatologists advise you to wash your face with cold water at least twice a week, as hot water opens the pores, which are then more easily filled with bacteria.

Mascara is the perfect eyeliner

You go to work and you realize that you have spent eyeliner. Don't worry, if you have mascara you can solve the problem! If you have an eyeliner brush, simply grab a little mascara and apply above the eyelashes.

Perfect lips

Sexy lips include a clearly defined upper lip. You will achieve this with the use of a lip pencil. If you want some correction, apply a little powder or corrector on your lips, and then draw a line to correct it. Of course, this doesn't have to differ much from your natural lip line.

Baby powder with mascara

Often, on the advertisements for mascara, they promise both volume and length of eyelashes, extreme black color and shine and everything. However, this is often not the case. But for this, there is a trick – baby powder! Apply one coat of mascara, and dip the cotton swab in baby powder and go over the lashes, then apply a second coat. You will be thrilled with the result.

Long lasting waves

If you don't want straight hair, but don't have time to go to the hairdresser and everything you have on hand is the hair straightener – don't worry. All you need is to make some braids, and then press the hair straightener over them. Spread the braids and here is the hairstyle!

Make the dark circles disappear

Place two spoons in the freezer for five minutes, and then gently place them on the eyes for a few minutes.

Proper application

To make your face perfect when applying a base and foundation, remember to always apply these products from the top to the bottom. Apply the face cream bottom-up so your skin will remain beautiful and elastic.

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M.A. (Education) DEGREE EXAMINATION, MAY 2018.

CURRICULUM DESIGN PROCESS

Time : Three hours Maximum : 100 marks
SECTION A — (5 × 8 = 40 marks)

Answer any FIVE of the following in about 300 words each.

1. Describe the principles of curriculum designing.

2. Explain systems approach to curriculum construction.

3. State the need for curriculum evaluation.

4. State the important features of team teaching.

5. What are the major components for making an effective curriculum?

6. What are the characteristics of a good textbook?

7. What are audio visual devices? State their advantages in curriculum transaction.

8. Bring out the need for curriculum revision.

SECTION B — (4 × 15 = 60 marks)
Answer any FOUR questions in 700 words each.

9. Describe the factors influencing curriculum construction.

10. Differentiate between formative and summative evaluation.

11. Describe in detail about the various curricular development agencies.

12. Give a brief account on the various factors that act as determinants of curricular change.

13. Discuss the role of electronic devices in curriculum transaction and list out their advantages.

14. Explain the philosophical, sociological and psychological bases of curriculum.

15. "Designing of curriculum is a continuous process" – Explain.

                                                        ————————

M.A. (Education) DEGREE EXAMINATION, MAY 2018.

ESSENTIALS OF EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY

Time : Three hours Maximum : 100 marks
SECTION A — (5 × 8 = 40 marks)

Answer any FIVE of the following.

1. Define educational psychology. List down any five aims of educational psychology.

2. Differentiate growth and development.

3. Define motivation. Bring out its functions.

4. Explain multifactor theory of intelligence.

5. Define personality. Portray your views on trait theory of personality.

6. Portray a few strategies to enhance memory of a person.

7. State the principles of metacognitive instructions.

8. Give an account on Koblers' theory of learning.

SECTION B — (4 × 15 = 60 marks)
Answer any FOUR of the following.

9. Distinguish and explain Thorndike and Skinner's theory of learning.

10. Discuss the role of sense organs in the process of cognition.

11. Define metacognition. Write on the determinants of metacognition.

12. Enunciate the various types of intelligence tests.

13. Make an attempt on Maslow's theory of need hierarchy.

14. "Heredity and Environment plays a dominant role in growth and development" – Discuss.

15. Write short notes on the following:
 (a) Emotional intelligence.
 (b) Achievement motivation.
 (c) Transfer of learning.

                                                            ————————

M.A. (Education) DEGREE EXAMINATION, MAY 2018.

PHILOSOPHICAL AND SOCIOLOGICAL BASES OF EDUCATION

Time : Three hours Maximum : 100 marks
PART A — (5 × 8 = 40 marks)

Answer any FIVE of the following in about 150 words each.

1. Explain the meaning and scope of philosophy of education.

2. Bring out any two major tenets of naturalism with regard to education.

3. Explain the doctrines of Swami Vivekananda.

4. Bring out the salient features of "socialism".

5. Describe the social philosophy of democracy.

6. List out the factors that promote socialization.

7. What is the need for women education? Explain.

8. What are the various factors affecting national development in India?

PART B — (4 × 15 = 60 marks)
Answer any FOUR questions in about 700 words each.

9. Compare and contrast the educational philosophies of naturalism and idealism.

10. Examine the role of education as an instrument of social change.

11. Critically examine the contributions of Sri Aurobindo to Indian education system.

12. Explain the concept of 'Education for International Understanding. Discuss the ways and means of
promoting it through education.

13. Explain the various factors affecting the maintenance of global peace.

14. "Equality of Education is exercised in India". Do you agree? Justify your answer.

15. Describe the problems of social stratification and justify the reservation policies of the government to minimize social inequality.

                                                           ————————

M.A. (Child Care and Education) DEGREE EXAMINATION, MAY 2018.

PRE-SCHOOL HOME COMMUNITY LINKAGES

Time : Three hours Maximum : 100 marks
PART A — (5 x 8 = 40 marks)

Answer any FIVE questions.

1. Enumerate the linking objectives of Pre-School education with the expectations of parents and community.

2. Compare and contrast the involvement of rural and urban parents in the Pre-School programme.

3. Indicate the role of Parent-Teachers meeting in promoting Pre-School education.

4. Define peer supervision and enumerate its various roles in developing the community.

5. Community leaders acts as liaison agents in motivating mobilising the local community – Justify.

6. Narrate the ways by which you organise celebrations of important national days with the help of community.

7. 'Villupattu is an ancient folk media which is at risk today' – How?

8. Describe the need and importance of Pre-School in Indian set-up.

PART B — (4 × 15 = 60 marks)
Answer any FOUR questions.

9. 'Home is the miniature of the society' – Explain.

10. Write an essay on various barriers of communication and suggest some strategies to overcome the obstacles of communication.

11. Write short notes on the following :
 (a) Bulletin boards
 (b) News letters
 (c) Circulars
 (d) Home visits and informal discussions.

12. Enumerate various ways to improve the present day Pre-School education.

13. Explain the effectiveness of folk media in establishing the community linkage by the Pre-Schools.

14. Discuss various roles of service organisations, in promoting Pre-School education.

15. How do village Panchayat and local administration bodies contribute for the development of society?

                                                             –––––––––––––––

M.A. (CC & E) DEGREE EXAMINATION, MAY 2018.

RESEARCH IN CHILD STUDIES

Time : Three hours Maximum : 100 marks
PART A — (5 × 8 = 40 marks)

Answer any FIVE questions.

1. Discuss the concept of research.

2. Explain the problems for research on children.

3. Write the concept and importance of the co-relational design in research.

4. Brief various types of hypotheses.

5. Explain various self reports in research.

6. Describe the important features of clinical method.

7. Brief descriptive statistics in research studies.

8. Mention the problems faced in conducting cross-sectional research.

PART B — (4 × 15 = 60 marks)
Answer any FOUR questions.

9. Explain the different steps involved in an action research with an illustration.

10. Explain the role, significance and application of the review of related literature in research.

11. What are the criteria for the selection of the problem? How to justify the significance of the problem?

12. How will you construct and Standardize research tools?

13. Describe the steps involved in a case study and mention its merits.

14. Explain longitudinal research design with an example.

15. Prepare a format of a research report.

                                                                 ———————

M.A. (CC & E) DEGREE EXAMINATION, MAY 2018.

PLANNING AND ORGANISATION OF INSTITUTIONS OF
YOUNG CHILDREN

Time : Three hours Maximum : 100 marks
All questions carry equal marks under each part.

PART A — (5 x 8 = 40 marks)
Answer any FIVE questions each in about 200 words.

1. State the need for parent education programme.

2. Describe the physical set up of the pre-school and primary school.

3. How do exhibitions, pamphlets, booklets posters and picnics invite co-operation from parents?

4. Mention the criteria involved in selecting equipments and appliances for primary school Children.

5. What is the purpose of school cash book?

6. Explain the salient features of short-term planning.

7. What type of steps will you take to maintain the indoor and outdoor equipments in a primary school?

8. State the need for motivating the parents of your children?

PART B — (4 × 15 = 60 marks)
Answer any FOUR questions each in about 400 words.

9. What are the records to be maintained in a pre-school? Explain the need and content of any five records.

10. Enumerate the functional utility and maintenance of preschool and primary school.

11. Write on 'Annaiar Kazhagam'.

12. Describe the involvement of community in school improvement.

13. Explain the different steps involved in preparing a time table and a school calendar.

14. What are the criteria to be followed in formulating a 'child care centre'?

15. Write on the importance of providing safe drinking water and sanitary conditions.

                                                           –––––––––––––––

M.A. (CC AND E) DEGREE EXAMINATION, MAY 2018.

EDUCATION OF THE CHILDREN WITH SPECIAL NEEDS

Time : Three hours Maximum : 100 marks
SECTION A — (5 x 8 = 40 marks)

Answer any FIVE questions each in about 200 words.
All questions carry equal marks.

1. Compare and contrast culturally and socially disadvantaged children.

2. Who according to you are disadvantaged children?

3. How can you identify visually handicapped?

4. Explain the personality characteristics of creative children.

5. What are the major causes of hearing impaired children?

6. Certain provisions are available to improve the area of speech production among the children possessing speech impairment – Enunciate.

7. Discuss the ways for identifying mentally retarded children and explain the methods of educating them.

8. Elaborate the instructional materials helpful to promote education among the visually challenged children.

SECTION B — (4 × 15 = 60 marks)
Answer any FOUR questions each in about 400 words.

9. Critically evaluate the educational provisions for the physically challenged.

10. Explain the role of All India Institute of Speech and Hearing Handicapped (AIISH) in promoting education among hearing impaired.

11. Who are gifted children? Explain the characteristic features, needs and educational provisions for gifted children.

12. Explain the types of visual impairment and methods of educating them.

13. Discuss speech impairment along with the educational provisions available to enhance their learning.

14. "Culturally disadvantaged finds it difficult to sustain a healthy life in the society."-Justify.

15. Elucidate the role of parents and teachers for the rehabilitation of physically challenged children.

                                                                   –––––––––––––––

M.A. (CC & E) DEGREE EXAMINATION, MAY 2018.

RIGHTS OF THE CHILD AND CHILD CARE IN INDIA

Time : Three hours Maximum : 100 marks
PART A — (5 x 8 = 40 marks)

Answer any FIVE of the following questions.
All questions carry equal marks.

1. Discuss the convention of rights of the child.

2. List out the measures to promote children's rights.

3. Bring out the ways and means to protect children from abuse.

4. Give a brief note on legal protection for child labour.

5. State any four innovative approaches to child care as a support service for working women.

6. Brief the community participation in child care.

7. Comment on mobile crèches in Delhi and Mumbai for construction worker's children.

8. Write notes on the state level child welfare services.

PART B — (4 × 15 = 60 marks)
Answer any FOUR of the following questions.
All questions carry equal marks.

9. Draw out a profile of children of the world.

10. Explain the major goals for the child survival, development and protection.

11. What are the basic rights of the children? Explain how to protect them.

12. Discuss the need for child care.

13. Explain the Beta-Israel Project.

14. Detail any three different child welfare services at the national level.

15. Explain the role of child welfare services at the state level.

                                                                          ––––––––––––

M.A. (CC & E) DEGREE EXAMINATION, MAY 2018.

PRE-SCHOOL EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITIES

Time : Three hours Maximum : 100 marks
PART A — (5 x 8 = 40 marks)

Answer any FIVE of the following questions.

1. Discuss the meaning and importance of pre-school education.

2. Make an age-wise classification of educational activities of the child.

3. How do you provide simple science experience activities to preschoolers?

4. Pre-reading and pre-writing activities promote language development – Justify.

5. Enumerate the domains of development.

6. Describe the activities for creative self-expression of young children.

7. Discuss the importance of grouping of children.

8. List out the educational activities to promote cognitive abilities among toddlers.

PART B — (4 × 15 = 60 marks)
Answer any FOUR of the following questions.

9. Illustrate on the educational activities for gross muscle co-ordination among toddlers and pre-schoolers.

10. Bring out the educational activities that promote socio-emotional development among children.

11. How do observation, grouping seriation and sequencing enhance the memory of toddlers?

12. Explain the effective use of indoor and outdoor spaces.

13. Write about organizing simple traditional games for children.

14. Discuss the need for monitoring children's progress in educational activities.

15. How does role play and imaginative play facilitate in channelizing the emotions?

                                                             –––––––––––––

M.A. (CC & E) DEGREE EXAMINATION, MAY 2018.

CHILD IN THE EMERGING INDIAN SOCIETY

Time : Three hours Maximum : 100 marks
PART A — (5 x 8 = 40 marks)

Answer any FIVE of the following questions.

1. What is the role of family in socialization of the child?

2. Explain about 'After care homes'.

3. Is television a boon or a ban for child development?

4. Explain the reason for female infanticide and feticide.

5. Bring out the impact of mass media on children.

6. Depict the dynamics of plurality of culture.

7. Describe the stages of parenting.

8. Reveal the impact of joint family on children.

PART B — (4 x 15 = 60 marks)
Answer any FOUR of the following questions.

9. Elaborate the following : the pre-school, play group, mass media.

10. Explain the types of family and its advantages in child development.

11. Brief the Oedipus complex and Electra complex in children.

12. Explain the various schemes of the Government of Tamil Nadu for the care of girl child.

13. How far the migration and crime influence the children?

14. Explain the role of family in socialization of the child.

15. Elucidate the patterns of parenting.

                                                  ————————

M.A. (Child Care and Education) DEGREE EXAMINATION, MAY 2018.

EDUCATION OF THE YOUNG CHILD

Time : Three hours Maximum : 100 marks
SECTION A — (5 × 8 = 40 marks)

Answer any FIVE questions.

1. Discuss the relevance of negative education by Rousseau for us today.

2. Write down the contributions of Montessori for early childhood education.

3. Explain the head start programmes.

4. What are the basic features of minimum level of hearing?

5. Discuss the significance of play way method for Nursery schools.

6. Write a short note on equalization of educational opportunities.

7. What do you mean by learning readiness?

8. Mention the advantages of the recommendations of NEP on elementary education.

SECTION B — (4 × 15 = 60 marks)
Answer any FOUR questions.

9. Write the impact of Tarabai Modak's contribution to education.

10. Discuss the challenges of Indian education at pre-primary education.

11. Describe the values of the music for pre-school education.

12. Explain about on National Creche Fund.

13. Discuss the basic features of MLL in environmental studies.

14. Prepare a suitable curriculum for pre-primary education.

15. "Pre-school education is strengthening the primary education" – Discuss.

                                               ————————

M.A. (Child Care and Education) DEGREE EXAMINATION, MAY 2018.

CHILD HEALTH AND NUTRITION

Time : Three hours Maximum : 100 marks
SECTION A — (5 × 8 = 40 marks)

Answer any FIVE questions.

1. Write about interrelation between nutrition and health.

2. Explain the concept of National Health Policy.

3. Briefly discuss about the balanced diet for pregnant and lactating women.

4. What are the objectives of Mid-day meal Programme?

5. What are the uses of vitamin B, C and D in human body?

6. Discuss the common childhood accidents and first aid.

7. Write about Balwadi Nutrition Programme (BNP).

8. Write about National Family Welfare Programme.

SECTION B — (4 × 15 = 60 marks)
Answer any FOUR questions.

9. Prepare a chart showing the nutritional requirements of children of different age groups.

10. What are the indications of health education? Explain the health situation in India.

11. State the need for assessment of nutrition status and describe the methods of assessment.

12. Explain : ICDS and SNP.

13. Discuss the various activities and functions of National family welfare programme in India.

14. Enumerate the common childhood accidents and the various types of first aid given at that time.

15. Explain the Natural health policy scheme in India.

                                                                      ————————

M.A. (CC & E) DEGREE EXAMINATION, MAY 2018.

PRINCIPLES OF CHILD DEVELOPMENT

Time : Three hours Maximum : 100 marks
PART A — (5 x 8 = 40 marks)

Answer any FIVE questions.

1. Explain any two major areas of development in childhood.

2. Differentiate between growth and development.

3. How will you ensure that hearing and sight are normal for an individual?

4. What do you mean by gross motor skills? Explain its functions.

5. What is cognitive development? Elucidate the factors affecting the cognitive development of an
individual.

6. Write short notes on: First sentences.

7. List out the speech problems in childhood.

8. Bring out the ways of handling a child with fear and frustrandrums.

PART B — (4 × 15 = 60 marks)
Answer any FOUR questions.

9. Explain the principle of development.

10. How will your promote motor skills in toddlerhood and early childhood.

11. Explain the various stages of cognitive development according to Piaget theory.

12. Explain the factors influencing language development.

13. What do you mean by socio-emotional development? What are the ways to enhance social development?

14. Bring out the importance of environmental factors in development.

15. Describe the concept of development of attachment.

                                                               –––––––––––––

M.A. (Sociology) DEGREE EXAMINATION, MAY 2018.

SOCIOLOGY OF MODERNIZATION AND DEVELOPMENT

Time : Three hours Maximum : 100 marks
PART A — (5 x 8 = 40 marks)

Answer any FIVE questions.

1. Explain various types of development.

2. Discuss the significance of Gandhian models of development.

3. Discuss in detail about social inequalities of development.

4. Explain new dependency theory with suitable examples.

5. Define modernization. Explain its impact in India.

6. Discuss the effect of sustainable development.

7. Write a note on global warming.

8. Narrate the agrarian issues of Indian society.

PART B — (4 x 15 = 60 marks)
Answer any FOUR questions.

9. Describe the meaning and characteristics of development.

10. Discuss in detail the Millennium development goal.

11. Explain the factors influencing poverty circle in the contemporary society.

12. Explain the dependency perspective and classical dependency theory of modernization.

13. Explain the factors influencing climate change.

14. Examine the relevance of Nehruvian model of development in the present context.

15. What is gender and human development? Explain its importance.

                                             ————————

M.A. (Sociology) DEGREE EXAMINATION, MAY 2018.

SOCIAL WELFARE ADMINISTRATION AND LEGISLATION

Time : Three hours Maximum : 100 marks
PART A — (5 x 8 = 40 marks)

Answer any FIVE questions.

1. Write short note on Non-Governmental Organisations.

2. Explain about the directive principles of state policy.

3. List out the laws related to adoption.

4. Explain the role of general body and governing board.

5. List down the welfare services for minorities.

6. Bring out the social policies related to scheduled tribes in India.

7. What are the provisions granted to women under Hindu Marriage Act?

8. What are the duties and responsibilities of office bearers in service organisations?

PART B — (4 x 15 = 60 marks)

Answer any FOUR questions.

9. Discuss the administration of welfare services in government organisation.

10. Explain the meaning of social legislation and discuss its scope in developing countries like India.

11. Explain in detail about the laws pertaining to child marriage Act.

12. Explain the procedures of foreign contribution Regulation Act 1985.

13. Trace out the evolution of social policy in India.

14. Write the laws pertaining to safeguarding Juvenile delinquents in India.

15. Explain in detail about Lok Adalat and legal Aid.

                                                              ————————

M.A. (Sociology) DEGREE EXAMINATION, MAY 2018.

SOCIOLOGY OF MASS COMMUNICATION

Time : Three hours Maximum : 100 marks
PART A — (5 x 8 = 40 marks)

Answer any FIVE of the following in about 150 words each.

1. Describe the nature of communication.

2. Discuss the characteristics and difference in interpersonal communication.

3. What do you mean by video conferencing? Explain.

4. Bring out the social responsibility of mass media.

5. How does television play an important role in the process of diffusion?

6. Discuss the importance of 3G in telecommunication system.

7. Enumerate the role of ICT for development.

8. What do you understand by the concept of propaganda?

PART B — (4 x 15 = 60 marks)
Answer any FOUR of the following in about 700 words each.

9. Explain hypodermic and one step follow models of communication.

10. Enumerate the origin and growth of Internet.

11. Discuss three stages of Interpersonal Communication.

12. What is Mass Communication? Explain the functions of Mass Communication.

13. Define public opinion. Discuss the various steps in the formation of public opinion.

14. Write an essay on the role of print media in disseminating the knowledge in the society.

15. Discuss the Psychological and Cultural barriers of communication.

                                                               ————————

M.A. (Sociology) DEGREE EXAMINATION, MAY 2018.

HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT

Time : Three hours Maximum : 100 marks
PART A — (5 x 8 = 40 marks)

Answer any FIVE of the following in about 150 words each.

1. Give a brief account of role and structure of personal function in organisation.

2. List out the characteristics of Human Resource Planning.

3. Explain the steps involved in Training Programme.

4. Write short note on fringe benefits.

5. List out the welfare and safety measures in employee maintenance.

6. What is personal research? Explain.

7. Define motivation. Identify the techniques followed by the management to motivate the employees.

8. Write short on placement and Induction.

PART B — (4 x 15 = 60 marks)
Answer any FOUR of the following in about 700 words each.

9. Enumerate the objectives and functions of Human Resource Management.

10. What is Human Resource Planning? Discuss various steps involved in Human Resource Planning.

11. Define selection. Describe the various steps involved in selection process.

12. Describe the principle of wage and salary administration.

13. Narrate the importance and measures of accident prevention.

14. Write an essay on the scope and importance of personal audit.

15. Critically analyse the significance of employee maintenance and Integration.

                                                                ————————

M.A. (Sociology) DEGREE EXAMINATION, MAY 2018.

SOCIOLOGY OF HEALTH

Time : Three hours Maximum : 100 marks
SECTION A — (5 x 8 = 40 marks)

Answer any FIVE of the following in about 150 words each.

1. Write a note on Scope of Health sociology.

2. State the causes of stress in the present era.

3. Explain the labeling theory.

4. "Health care is a right for every citizen" – Justify.

5. List out the contributions of social workers in the medical social service.

6. Bring out the role of sociologists in treating tuberculosis.

7. Write a note on "Health for All".

8. Elucidate the importance of nursing in medical society.

SECTION B — (4 × 15 = 60 marks)
Answer any FOUR of the following in about 700 words.

9. Discuss the relationship between medicine and sociology.

10. Give an account on social epidemology measures.

11. Explain the advantages of primary health care.

12. Describe the socio demographic variables in seeking medical care.

13. Explain the system of medicine in India.

14. Give an account on health policy of government in India.

15. Discuss about the attitude and beliefs towards ill health and treatment.

                                                       –––––––––––––

M.A. (Sociology) DEGREE EXAMINATION, MAY 2018.

RURAL–URBAN SOCIOLOGY

Time : Three hours Maximum : 100 marks
SECTION A — (5 x 8 = 40 marks)

Answer any FIVE questions.

1. Explain the scope of rural sociology.

2. List out the causes of unemployment process.

3. Suggest the ways to eradicate the illiteracy problem.

4. Enumerate the contribution of Panchayat Raj for the rural development.

5. Explain the importance of Tamilnadu slum clearance board.

6. Elucidate the control measures of environmental pollution in society.

7. Write a note on Health and sanitation.

8. Explain the role of SGSY and PMGSY in the rural development.

SECTION B — (4 x 15 = 60 marks)
Answer any FOUR questions.

9. Give an account on urban sociology.

10. Describe any three important issues in rural area.

11. Explain the role of NGOs in rural development.

12. Discuss the issues related to drug addiction in India.

13. Give an account on agencies for urban development.

14. Give an account on Tamilnadu slum clearance board in urban area.

15. Critically analyse the duties of MGNREGS and IAY.

                                                     –––––––––––––––––

M.A. (Sociology) DEGREE EXAMINATION, MAY 2018.

RESEARCH METHODS

Time : Three hours Maximum : 100 marks
PART A — (5 × 8 = 40 marks)

Answer any FIVE of the following in about 150 words each.
1. Write a note on sources of historical research.

2. Enumerate the types of true experimental research design. Illustrate with examples.

3. Define hypothesis. As a researcher, can you explain the hypothesis testing?

4. Illustrate the probability sampling technique with an example.

5. ''Observation is an important technique in social science research'' – Justify.

6. Give an account on scaling technique.

7. Write the differences between the following :
 (a) Interview schedule and questionnaire
 (b) Review of related studies and review of related literature.

8. Bring out the advantages and disadvantages of pre-testing in research.

PART B — (4 × 15 = 60 marks)
Answer any FOUR questions.

9. Give an account on types of research with an example.

10. What do you meant by scientific method? Explain about inductive and deductive reasoning.

11. Describe the meaning, nature, principle and process of survey research.

12. Elucidate the meaning, importance, types, limitations and delimitations of interview method.

13. ''Research reporting is an art'' – Critically analyse.

14. Give an account on factors affecting research design.

15. How did you process and analyse the collected data?

                                                                  ————————

M.A. (Sociology) DEGREE EXAMINATION, MAY 2018.

SOCIOLOGICAL THEORIES AND PERSPECTIVES

Time : Three hours Maximum : 100 marks
PART A — (5 x 8 = 40 marks)

Answer any FIVE questions.

1. Explain briefly about Comte's Law of three stages of human thought.

2. Write short notes on Spencer's theory of evolution.

3. Distinguish between organic solidarity and mechanical solidarity.

4. Write note on Durkheim's Manifest and Latent functions.

5. What are the similarities between society and organisms?

6. Explain Marxian concept of Alienation.

7. Evaluate Sorokin's ideational and sensate culture.

8. Briefly analyse the concept Leisure class.

PART B — (4 x 15 = 60 marks)

Answer any FOUR questions.

9. Critically analyse Comte's hierarchy of sciences

10. Write an essay on Durkheim's elementary forms of religious life.

11. Analyse the theory of class struggle propounded by Marx.

12. Discuss Sorokin's classification of social system on cultural types.

13. Explain the theory of information and communication.

14. What is ethnomethodology? Evaluate the perspective ethnomethodology.

15. Analyse Pareto's concept of circulation elite with suitable example.

                                                     ______________

M.A.(Sociology) DEGREE EXAMINATION, MAY 2018.

INDIAN SOCIAL INSTITUTIONS

Time : Three hours Maximum : 100 marks
SECTION A — (5 x 8 = 40 marks)

Answer any FIVE questions.

1. State the socio cultural life of skills.

2. List out the reasons and effects of untouchability in India.

3. Write a note on ideals of Hindu Marriage.

4. Explain the changing trends of family system.

5. List out the causes of industralisation.

6. State the principles of secularisation.

7. Enumerate the aspects of westernisation.

8. Explain the causes for the changes in nuclear family system.

SECTION B — (4 × 15 = 60 marks)
Answer any FOUR questions.

9. Distinguish between the socio cultural life of Muslims and Christians.

10. Give an account on characteristics of caste system.

11. Describe the kinship system in India.

12. Explain the legislation and changing trends of marriage system.

13. Critically analyse the impact for Globalisation.

14. ''Untouchability is a crime issue in India''. Justify.

15. Elucidate the Indian constitutional provisions against caste discrimination.

                                      ————————

M.A. (Sociology) DEGREE EXAMINATION, MAY 2018

PRINCIPLES OF SOCIOLOGY

Time : Three hours Maximum : 100 marks
PART A — (5 × 8 = 40 marks)

Answer any FIVE of the following in about 150 words each.

1. Define socialisation. Explain the stages of socialisation.

2. Explain the forms of social life.

3. How did heredity and environment influence the personality?

4. State the concept of accommodation and assimilation.

5. Explain the C.H. Cooley's looking glass self theory.

6. Enumerate the kinds of social control.

7. Write a note on disassociative processes.

8. Explain the unilinear theory of social change.

PART B — (4 × 15 = 60 marks)
Answer any FOUR of the following in about 700 words each.

9. Enumerate the factors of social change.

10. Elucidate about the associative process in social processes.

11. Give an account on theories of social change.

12. State the norms and laws of social control.

13. Describe the agencies of socialisation.

14. ''Society is an important system'' – Justify.

15. Give an account on disassociative social process.

                                            ————————

B.B.A.(Corporate Secretaryship)/B.B.A. (CS) (Lateral)
DEGREE EXAMINATION, MAY 2018.

FINANCIAL SERVICES

Time : Three hours Maximum : 100 marks
SECTION A — (5 x 8 = 40 marks)

Answer any FIVE questions.

1. Explain the importance of financial services.

2. Explain the scope of finance function.

3. Critically examine the functions of stock exchange.

4. State the needs for portfolio revision.

5. Briefly explain about the securitisation.

6. Explain the benefits of credit rating.

7. Write notes on Asset management.

8. Explain about credit cards and its importance.

SECTION B — (4 × 15 = 60 marks)
Answer any FOUR questions.

9. Explain the role of SEBI in the primary markets.

10. Explain the scope of portfolio management in detail.

11. State the concept of credit ratings. Explain its significance.

12. What is mutual fund? Explain the types of mutual funds.

13. Elaborate the role of venture capital.

14. Briefly explain the forms of leasing.

15. Narrate about the role of underwriters for the underwriting of shares.

                                                      ——————

B.B.A.(C.S.)DEGREE EXAMINATION, MAY 2018.

ECONOMIC LAWS

Time : Three hours Maximum : 100 marks
SECTION A — (5 x 8 = 40 marks)

Answer any FIVE questions.

1. Explain 'substantial expansion' under IDRA.

2. What are the objectives of FERA?

3. Write a note on : Foreign currency (non-resident) accounts.

4. Explain Trade practices under MRTP Act.

5. Explain the objectives of Essential Commodities Act.

6. Write a note on : Environment Laboratory.

7. State the purposes for which an industrial licence is required under IDRA, 1951.

8. State the concepts of persons resident in India and outside India.

SECTION B — (4 x 15 = 60 marks)
Answer any FOUR questions.

9. Discuss the provisions of IDRA relating to the establishment and constitution of the Development
council.

10. Explain the provisions of FERA relating to transactions regulated by exchange control.

11. What are the provisions of FERA relating to investments by Non-resident Indians in shares of Indian companies?

12. Describe the powers of the MRTP commission under the MRTP Act.

13. Explain the provisions of the essential commodities act regarding control of production, supply and distribution of essential commodities.

14. Discuss the provisions relating to offences and penalties prescribed under the Environment Protection Act, 1986.

15. Explain the objectives and functions of Essential Commodities Act 1955.

                                                            ————————

B.B.A. (Banking) DEGREE EXAMINATION, MAY 2018.

COMPUTERS AND BANKING

Time : Three hours Maximum : 100 marks
SECTION A — (5 x 8 = 40 marks)
Answer any FIVE questions.
All questions carry equal marks.

1. List out the advantages of using computers in banks.

2. Trace out the history and development of computers.

3. What is peripheral controllers? State its uses.

4. Differentiate between Hardware and Software.

5. What is software? Is it necessary to operate a computer?

6. What is the main purpose of primary storage? Describe its various forms.

7. Explain the advantages of MICR cheques.

8. Explain the process of EFT.

SECTION B — (4 × 15 = 60 marks)
Answer any FOUR questions.
All questions carry equal marks.

9. Discuss the different generations of computers.

10. Discuss various methods of representation of non-numeric data.

11. Discuss the features of various operating systems.

12. Explain the structure of an ALU.

13. What is LAN? Explain its advantages and disadvantages in banking sector.

14. Explain the functions of various electronic devices used in banks.

15. Explain the anatomy of computers with the help of a block diagram.

                                                       ————————

B.B.A. (Banking)DEGREE EXAMINATION, MAY 2018.

MARKETING OF BANKING SERVICES

Time : Three hours Maximum : 100 marks
PART A — (5 × 8 = 40 marks)

Answer any FIVE questions.

1. Distinguish between marketing and social marketing.

2. What are the important of marketing to a bank?

3. Discuss about deregulation of interest rates.

4. Explain the term Direct Marketing.

5. Enumerate the importance of marketing audit.

6. Describe the role of advertisement in promotion of bank.

7. What do you mean by publicity and how it helps bank's promotion?

8. Why selection and motivation of marketing employees are very important to a bank?

PART B — (4 × 15 = 60 marks)
Answer any FOUR questions.

9. Discuss the factors involved in segmentation of Banks.

10. Define pricing mix and explain its importance and discuss about the factors influencing pricing of a
product.

11. What do you understand by non-fund based business? Explain its significance?

12. What are the types of training and developmental activities available to bank employees and why it is important?

13. Distinguish between Remarketing and De-marketing.

14. On what basis banks market segmentation can be done? Discuss.

15. Discuss about the various marketing environmental factors influencing bank marketing.


                                                           ——————

B.B.A. (Banking) DEGREE EXAMINATION, MAY 2018.
PRACTICE AND LAW OF BANKING — II

Time : Three hours Maximum : 100 marks
SECTION A — (5 × 8 = 40 marks)

Answer any FIVE questions.
All questions carry equal marks.

1. Write a note on purchase and discounting of bills.

2. What are the precautions a banker should take while making unsecured advances?

3. What are the advantages of stock exchange securities?

4. What precautions should a banker take while making advances against fixed deposit receipt?

5. Explain the concept of lien and its types.

6. Explain the non-legal and legal remedies available to deal with NPA.

7. What are the advantages of lending against Government securities?

8. What are the procedure for opening a bank account?

SECTION B — (4 × 15 = 60 marks)
Answer any FOUR questions.

9. Explain the various forms of advances provided by commercial banks.

10. Discuss the various kinds of bills of exchange.


11. Explain the obligations of creditors towards surety.

12. Explain the rights of a surety against the debtor and creditor.

13. Discuss the suitability of Life Insurance Policy as a security for a bank advance.

14. Discuss the essential clauses of Indian Stamp Act with regard to documents executed by borrowers.

15. Explain the various aspects of loan appraisal.

                                                             ————————

B.B.A. (Banking) DEGREE EXAMINATION, MAY 2018.

FOREIGN EXCHANGE AND FINANCING OF FOREIGN TRADE

Time : Three hours Maximum : 100 marks
PART A — (5 x 8 = 40 marks)

Answer any FIVE questions.

1. Briefly explain the components of Balance of Trade.

2. Write a detailed note on multimodal transport documents.

3. Explain the features of consignment exports.

4. Write a note on project exports.

5. Briefly specify the role of EXIM Bank in lending loans to commercial banks in India.

6. What are the standard policies of ECGC?

7. Explain the significance of currency loans.

8. Brief on Deferred Payment Imports.

PART B — (4 × 15 = 60 marks)
Answer any FOUR questions.

9. Explain the various documents used in foreign trade.

10. What are the objectives and methods of Exchange Control?

11. Give a detailed note on Export financing.

12. Discuss the functioning of Joint Ventures abroad and Export guarantees.

13. Explain the role of EXIM Banking in leading to Indian exporters.

14. Examine the role of ECGC of India Limited in promoting Foreign Trade.

15. Explain how import financing is made.


                                              –––––––––––––––

B.B.A. (Banking) DEGREE EXAMINATION, MAY 2018.
BUSINESS LAW

Time : Three hours Maximum : 100 marks
SECTION A — (5 x 8 = 40 marks)

Answer any FIVE questions.

1. Write the meaning of offer. Explain the types of offer.

2. Give a detailed note on "Duties of an Agent".

3. Discuss who are all incapable to enter into a contract?

4. Explain the difference between sale and bailment.

5. Discuss the contents of a "Partnership deed".

6. Describe the power and duties of a company director.

7. Under what circumstances alteration of stamps can be made? Explain.

8. What are the legal effects of registration?

SECTION B — (4 × 15 = 60 marks)
Answer any FOUR questions.

9. "All contracts are agreements but all agreements are not contracts" – Explain.

10. Discuss the remedies for breach of contract.

11. What are the various types of partnership? Explain any four types of partnership in detail.

12. What are the requisites of a valid general meeting? Explain the various kinds of shareholders meetings in brief.

13. What is articles of association? What are its contents? How can they be altered?

14. Explain the reasons for variations in stamp duty from one state to another state.

15. Discuss the legal procedure for registration of documents in India.

                                                  –––––––––––––––

B.B.A. (Banking) DEGREE EXAMINATION, MAY 2018.

MANAGEMENT PRACTICE

Time : Three hours Maximum : 100 marks
SECTION A — (5 x 8 = 40 marks)

Answer any FIVE questions.

1. Define management. Write the difference between management and administration.

2. What do you mean by planning premises? Explain.

3. Write the meaning of organisation structure and explain organisation chart.

4. Discuss the factors which make delegation effective.

5. Write short notes on
 (a) Job entargement
 (b) Job enrichment.

6. Define motivation. Bring out the advantages of motivation.

7. Explain the various types of leadership in brief.

8. Explain PERT and CPM. What are the advantages of PERT?

SECTION B — (4 × 15 = 60 marks)
Answer any FOUR questions.

9. What do you mean by scientific management? Explain the contents of scientific management.

10. Explain the various types of plans normally used in banks.

11. What do you understand by departmentalization? Bring out the various basis of departmentation.

12. Discuss the various sources of recruitment in detail.

13. Explain communication process and high light the communication barriers in brief.

14. Discuss the modern and traditional methods of performance evaluation.

15. Write short notes on
 (a) Human Resource Accounting
 (b) Responsibility Accounting
 (c) Span of Management.

                                                  ——————————

B.B.A. (Banking) DEGREE EXAMINATION, MAY 2018.

PRACTICE AND LAW OF BANKING — I

Time : Three hours Maximum : 100 marks
PART A — (5 x 8 = 40 marks)

Answer any FIVE questions.
1. What is Garnishee order? What are its kinds?

2. What are the benefits and purposes of a 'Letter of Introduction'?

3. Explain the essential features of a negotiable instruments.

4. Define crossing. What are the objectives of crossing a cheque?

5. What are the precautions to be taken by a banker while taking 'Minor' as a customer?

6. Mention the special features of a current account.

7. Write short notes on :

 (a) Traveller's cheques
 (b) Merchant banking.

8. Discuss the various kinds of endorsements.

PART B — (4 x 15 = 60 marks)
Answer any FOUR questions.

9. Explain the relationship between banker and customer.

10. Differentiate between a holder and a holder in Due course.

11. When the banker must refuse payment of a cheque?

12. State the precautions to be taken by the banker while dealing with a Lunatic, Drunkard and
Illeterate.

13. Discuss in detail the different types of accounts opened and operated by a bank.

14. Explain the legal aspects of entries in the Pass Book.

15. Write short notes on :
 (a) Letter of credit
 (b) Credit cards
 (c) Carrying outstanding instructions.

                                                        –––––––––––––––

B.B.A. (Banking) DEGREE EXAMINATION, MAY 2018.
RURAL BANKING

Time : Three hours Maximum : 100 marks
SECTION A — (5 x 8 = 40 marks)

Answer any FIVE questions.

1. What are the features and composition of Indian Rural Economy?

2. Describe the structure of co-operative banks.

3. Discuss the steps in Minority Development Project.

4. Narrate the salient features of Prime Minister's Rozgar Yojana.

5. Discuss the importance of project evaluation.

6. What are the objectives of Service Area Approach?

7. Explain the role of NGOs in supporting rural development.

8. Explain how Small Industries Development Bank of India (SIDBI) supports rural development.

SECTION B — (4 × 15 = 60 marks)

Answer any FOUR questions.

9. Explain the sources of rural finance in India.

10. Briefly explain the role of commercial banks in rural finance.

11. Discuss the salient features of Integrated Rural Development Programme.

12. Explain the various steps involved in identifying and formulating a project.

13. Describe the credit planning under Lead Bank Scheme.

14. Explain in detail the functions of NABARD.

15. Explain how Tamil Nadu Adivasi Housing Development Corporation (TAHDCO) supports rural development.

                                                           –––––––––––––

B.B.A. (Banking) DEGREE EXAMINATION, MAY 2018.
MONEY AND BANKING

Time : Three hours Maximum : 100 marks
SECTION A — (5  8 = 40 marks)

Answer any FIVE questions.

1. What is barter system? Explain its defects.

2. What are the characteristics of money?

3. Define inflation. Distinguish it from deflation.

4. Enumerate the reasons for backwardness of Indian money market.

5. What are the components of balance sheet of commercial banks?

6. Trace the evolution and functions of State Bank of India.

7. What are financial sector reforms? Explain in brief.

8. Define central bank explain its functions.

SECTION B — (4 x 15 = 60 marks)
Answer any FOUR questions.

9. Explain in detail the functions of money.

10. Bring out the relationship between value of money, quantity of money and price level with an illustration.

11. What are the constituents of money market? Explain.

12. Enumerate the various types of banks in India.

13. Explain the role played by public sector banks.

14. Discuss the monetary policy of the RBI.

15. Discuss the structure of commercial banking system in India.

                                                         –––––––––––––

B.B.A. (Banking) DEGREE EXAMINATION, MAY 2018.
PRINCIPLES OF ECONOMICS

Time : Three hours Maximum : 100 marks
SECTION A — (5 x 8 = 40 marks)

Answer any FIVE questions.

1. Explain the concept of optimum population.

2. Explain the law of demand.

3. Enumerate the factors affecting size of a firm.

4. Distinguish between opportunity cost and real cost.

5. Define monopoly. Explain its salient features.

6. Is price discrimination justifiable? Comment.

7. Write a short note on quasi rent.

8. Why do people hold cash? Explain.

SECTION B — (4 × 15 = 60 marks)
Answer any FOUR questions.

9. Discuss the methods of measurement of national income.

10. Critically examine the doctrine of consumer's surplus.

11. Explain in detail the internal and external economies of scale.

12. Why do SAC curves 'U' shaped and LAC curves saucer shaped? Explain.

13. Show diagrammatically the price and output determination under perfect competition.

14. ''Rent as surplus over transfer earnings'' – Discuss.

15. What is collective bargaining? Explain the essentials of good collective bargaining.

                                                    —————

B.B.A. (Banking) DEGREE EXAMINATION, MAY 2018.
BUSINESS COMMUNICATION

Time : Three hours Maximum : 100 marks
SECTION A — (5 x 8 = 40 marks)

Answer any FIVE questions.
All questions carry equal marks.

1. What are the various types of business letter?

2. How to write a letter of enquiry? Explain.

3. When are status enquiries necessary?

4. Discuss about the guidelines should be kept in your mind to write a collection letter?

5. What are the circumstances in which a circular letter be sent? Explain.

6. Write a letter to a Bank Manager for getting an overdraft facility for your business concern.

7. Explain the role of a chair person in a meeting.

8. Why are the reports essential for management?

SECTION B — (4 × 15 = 60 marks)
Answer any FOUR questions.

9. Discuss the structure of a business letter.

10. You have sent an order the supply of business law books, but the firm has failed to supply them with in the specified time. Draft a letter for cancelling the order.

11. Draft a circular letter to inform the opening of a new sales office.

12. A policy holder writes to the LIC for a loan against his policy. Draft his letter and the reply given by the LIC.

13. Draft a minutes of Board of Directors meeting in a company.

14. Prepare a specimen agenda for a board meeting.

15. Draft an application for the post of computer operator in a big business firm.

                                                               —————

M.B.A. (5 Years Integrated) DEGREE EXAMINATION, MAY 2018.
Non-Semester

BUSINESS COMMUNICATION

(2009 Onwards)
Time : Three hours Maximum : 100 marks

SECTION A — (5 x 8 = 40 marks)
Answer any FIVE questions.

1. Discuss layout of a business letter with an example.

2. What are the points which should be kept in mind while drafting collection letter.

3. What is a trade reference? Mention the points which should be kept in mind while giving reference.

4. Write a circular letter announcing about the changes in the HR policies in your organization.

5. Write a note on the minutes of meetings.

6. What is the process of making a public speech?

7. How do you prepare an attractive resume?

8. What are the components of report?

SECTION B — (4 × 15 = 60 marks)
Answer any FOUR questions.

9. Explain the needs to have a business letters in a business.

10. Write a complaint letter to your banker regarding the dissatisfaction of a service.

11. The grinder bought by you is not working in a satisfactory manner. Write a letter of complaint
highlighting the problem and seeking appropriate belief.

12. Write a reply letter to an insurance company.

14. Prepare an agenda for a board meeting to be held on 10th January in the office conference hall.

15. Describe the different parts of an application letter.

                                                         –––––––––––––––

M.B.A. (P & OM) DEGREE EXAMINATION, MAY 2018.
Fourth Semester

QUALITY MANAGEMENT

(2013-14 Academic Year and 2014 Calendar Year onwards)
Time : Three hours Maximum : 100 marks

PART A — (5 × 8 = 40 marks)
Answer any FIVE questions.

1. Explain about 6 sigma concept in Quality Management.

2. What do you mean by Zero Defect Manufacturing?

3. Write a detailed note on "Competition Quality".

4. What is Total Quality Control System?

5. What do you mean by Business Process Reengineering?

6. Write short note on "Quality Awards".

7. "Quality as meeting standards of a product" — Discuss.

8. What are the elements of Total Quality Control?

PART B — (4 × 15 = 60 marks)
Answer any FOUR questions.

9. Explain the concepts of Total Quality Management.

10. List out and discuss the fundamental of Statistical Quality Control.

11. Point out and discuss the role of MNCs in emergence of global quality standards.

12. State the difference between total quality control system and total quality management system.

13. Bring out and explain the various elements of Total Quality Management.

14. How will you meeting consumers' requirements through Total Quality Management?

15. What is the role of leadership in successfully implementing TQM as a part of maintaining Competitive advantages?

                                                            ————————

M.B.A. (P & OM) DEGREE EXAMINATION, MAY 2018.
Fourth Semester

GROWTH MANAGEMENT

(Upto 2013–2014 Academic Year & 2014 Calendar Year Onwards)

Time : Three hours Maximum : 100 marks

PART A — (5 x 8 = 40 marks)
Answer any FIVE questions.

1. How are growth opportunities identified by organizations?

2. Examine the importance of growth management as a subject of study for management students.

3. Explain the steps involved in implementation of proper growth plan for an organization.

4. Prepare a high growth road map for an organization in the software industry.

5. Examine the role played by a marketing manager in ensuring development in the brand domain.

6. How can you create passion for growth among the middle level managers?

7. Give an overview of growth management.

8. What are the methods to be adopted to handle resistance to change?

PART B — (4 x 15 = 60 marks)
Answer any FOUR questions.

9. Explain the Six-S process relating to growth management.

10. Discuss in detail the concept of blue ocean strategy.

11. How can you use communication as an aid to growth management?

12. Suggest measures to manage growth fatigue among employees.

13. Critically evaluate Greiner's model of crisis induced growth.

14. Explain the different ways in which risks can be converted into opportunities.

15. How can the management ensure continuous improvement of the organization?

                                                    ————————

M.B.A. (P & OM) DEGREE EXAMINATION, MAY 2018.
Fourth Semester

WAREHOUSING MANAGEMENT

(2013-14 Academic Year and 2014 Calendar Year onwards)
Time : Three hours Maximum : 100 marks

PART A — (5 × 8 = 40 marks)
Answer any FIVE questions.

1. What are the importance of warehousing in the present business?

2. List out the problems in warehouse activities.

3. State the difference between own house and hired warehouse.

4. Explain about unloading and loading equipment.

5. Write a detailed note on "Material Handling Equipment".

6. Write a short note on :
 (a) ABC Analysis
 (b) VED Analysis.

7. What do you mean by storage bin?

8. Bring out the principles of material storage system.

PART B — (4 × 15 = 60 marks)
Answer any FOUR questions.

9. State and discuss the various utility of warehouses for overseas markets.

10. What are the functions of private warehouse?

11. Bring out and discuss the characteristics of ideal warehouse.

12. Discuss the principle for location of materials in a warehouse.

13. Explain the problems and issues in shipment process.

14. What are the methods of inventory issue pricing?

15. List out the warehouse document. Bring out the procedure for various documentation processes.

                                                                  ————————

M.B.A. (P & OM) DEGREE EXAMINATION, MAY 2018.
Fourth Semester

MANAGEMENT OF INNOVATION AND R & D

(2013 – 2014 Academic Year and 2014 Calendar Year Onwards)
Time : Three hours Maximum : 100 marks

SECTION A — (5  8 = 40 marks)
Answer any FIVE questions.

1. Discuss the role of R and D in economic and social progress.

2. What are the distinctive characteristics of innovating persons?

3. State the role of teamwork in R and D in business enterprise.

4. Discuss about in-house R & D units in the private sector.

5. List the stages of the creative process.

6. What is Mother licensing concept of partnership?

7. Discuss the objectives and purpose of corporate R and D.

8. Write a Critical note on the availability of relevant resources for R and D in India.

SECTION B — (4 × 15 = 60 marks)
Answer any FOUR questions.

9. Explain Jennifer Goddard's six focus areas for innovation.

10. Explain the innovative features of Microsoft and Samsung.

11. Enumerate the role of consultants in R and D.

12. How will you create a productive team culture? Explain.

13. Discuss the techniques of transforming creativity into invention.

14. Write in detail about the role of MNCs in R and D.

15. Describe reverse engineering with an example.

                                                  –––––––––––––––

M.B.A. (P & OM) DEGREE EXAMINATION, MAY 2018.
Fourth Semester

MANAGEMENT OF TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER AND ABSORPTION

(2013-14 Academic Year and 2014 Calendar year onwards)
Time : Three hours Maximum : 100 marks

PART A — (5 x 8 = 40 marks)
Answer any FIVE questions.

1. Examine the need for technology transfer.

2. Analyse the rules laid down for transfer of environmentally sound technologies.

3. How can local innovation substitute technology transfer?

4. How can you enable technology transfer through Joint venture agreements?

5. Distinguish between adoption and adaptation.

6. Discuss the ways to create superior technology.

7. Explain the problems faced in implementation of technology transfer.

8. Study the relationship between reverse engineering and technology transfer.

PART B — (4 × 15 = 60 marks)
Answer any FOUR questions.

9. Explain in detail the technology transfer process.

10. How can IPR protect the national inventions and innovations?

11. Describe the different ways to calculate price and return for technology transfer.

12. Outsourcing is the best alternative for technology tansferJustify with reasons.

13. Explain in detail the concept of technology diffusion with Indian examples.

14. Evaluate the impact of quality of education on the technology transfer.

15. Write short notes on
 (a) Patent citations
 (b) International co-invention
 (c) MNCs.

                                                             –––––––––––––––

M.B.A. (P & OM) DEGREE EXAMINATION, MAY 2018.
Third Semester

MANUFACTURING, MAINTENANCE AND WASTE MANAGEMENT

(2013 – 14 Academic year and 2014 calendar year onwards)
Time : Three hours Maximum : 100 marks

PART A — (5 x 8 = 40 marks)
Answer any FIVE questions.

1. Explain the concept of engineering and Re-engineering.

2. What is quality assurance? What are its limitations?

3. What are the functions of manufacturing?

4. What do you mean by preventive maintenance? What are its merits?

5. What are the trends in e-waste?

6. What are the techniques that support record keeping?

7. What is meant by lean production? Write its procedure.

8. Describe the organic and inorganic treatment process of waste.

PART B — (4 x 15 = 60 marks)

Answer any FOUR questions.
9. Discuss the need and importance of CAD and CAM.

10. What are the various types of maintenance systems? Explain.

11. Write down the planning and scheduling plant shutdowns.

12. Enumerate the industrial and hazards solid waste management.

13. What are the functions of work measurement and material handling?

14. Write the guidelines for matching procedures to items explain universal maintenance procedures.

15. What are the factors affecting waste management?

                                                      ________________

M.B.A. (P & OM) DEGREE EXAMINATION, MAY 2018.
Third Semester

RE-ENGINEERING AND FLEXI SYSTEMS

(2013 – 2014 Academic Year and 2014 Calendar Year Onwards)

Time : Three hours Maximum : 100 marks
PART A — (5 × 8 = 40 marks)

Answer any FIVE questions.

1. List and explain the significance of BPR.

2. What are the benefits of Flexible system?

3. Elaborate the principles of BPR.

4. Explain reconstruction and redesign stage in BPR.

5. Write an explanatory note on Continuous improvement.

6. Examine the competitive edge of flexibility in technology.

7. Discuss the critics of BPR.

8. Describe the flexi system in context to Supply chain.

PART B — (4 × 15 = 60 marks)
Answer any FOUR questions.

9. How far the flexible system is differing from fixed system. Enumerate your answer with example.

10. Evaluate BPR with industrial engineering.

11. Briefly discuss any three functional flexi systems.

12. Discuss the relationship between competitive edge and flexi system.

13. Describe the need for business process diagnosis in order to redesign a process.

14. Discuss the business process re-engineering design.

15. Explain the role of change management while implementing BPR.

                                                   –––––––––––––––

M.B.A. (P & OM) DEGREE EXAMINATION, MAY 2018.
Third Semester

PRODUCTION AND OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT

(2013-14 Academic Year and 2014 Calendar Year onwards)
Time : Three hours Maximum : 100 marks

PART A — (5 x 8 = 40 marks)
Answer any FIVE questions.

1. Explain the concept of Industrial Engineering.

2. What are the techniques of facility design process?

3. Write a detailed note on "Process Simulation Tools"

4. Bring out the objective of plant layout.

5. Discuss about Material Requirement Control.

6. State the concept of Zero Defect manufacturing for maintenance of quality.

7. What are the advantages of mass production systems?

8. Point out the factors considering selection of location for a factory.

PART B — (4 × 15 = 60 marks)
Answer any FOUR questions.

9. Bring out the functions of production management in the modern business enterprises.

10. What are the importances of Capacity planning?

11. Explain the characteristics of Production Process System.

12. Discuss the factors for good layout design.

13. Point out the various process of material requirement planning.

14. Describe the various cost involved in Inventory System.

15. Critically examine the importance of Total Quality Management.

                                                    –––––––––––––––

M.B.A. (SM) DEGREE EXAMINATION, MAY 2018.
Fourth Semester

SOFTWARE ENGINEERING

(2013 – 14 Academic Year and 2014 Calendar Year Onwards)
Time : Three hours Maximum : 100 marks

SECTION A — (5 x 8 = 40 marks)
Answer any FIVE questions.

1. Explain the quality factors of software engineering.

2. Explain about spiral model with diagram.

3. Explain the software project estimation.

4. What is the relationship between people and effort?

5. Explain the concept of software risks.

6. Describe specification, Validation, Negotiation and Requirements management.

7. What is meant by black box texting?

8. Describe control structure testing.

SECTION B — (4 × 15 = 60 marks)
Answer any FOUR questions.

9. Briefly explain the development process models.

10. Explain in detail about project structure and programming team structure.

11. What are the software risks? Explain about risk identification.

12. Explain in detail about requirements and requirements process.

13. Explain module level concepts in detail.

14. Explain in detail about the software testing methods.

15. Discuss about the architectural design in detail.

                                                    –––––––––––––––

M.B.A. (SM) DEGREE EXAMINATION, MAY 2018.
Fourth Semester

DATA MINING AND WAREHOUSING

(2013–14 Academic year and 2014 Calendar year onwards)
Time : Three hours Maximum : 100 marks

SECTION A — (5  8 = 40 marks)
Answer any FIVE questions.

1. What is the difference between data mining and query tools?

2. Write in brief about concept learning.

3. Discuss about the importance of data cleaning operation.

4. Write a note on Association rules.

5. Explain in detail about partitioning strategy in data ware house architecture.

6. Discuss about Data backup and recovery in data ware housing.

7. Discuss the importance of meta data in data marting.

8. Discuss about service level agreements in operating a data warehouse.

SECTION B — (4 × 15 = 60 marks)
Answer any FOUR questions.

9. Discuss in detail about the advantages of data mining in marketing with real time examples.

10. Explain in detail about the self learning computer systems.

11. Explain in detail about KDD environment.

12. Describe about hardware architecture of data warehouse.

13. Explain in detail about data warehouse process managers.

14. Discuss in detail about testing the data warehouse.

15. Explain in detail about data ware house layout.

                                                                  –––––––––––––––

M.B.A. (SM) DEGREE EXAMINATION, MAY 2018.
Fourth Semester

RELATIONAL DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS

(2013-14 Academic Year and 2014 Calendar Year Onwards)
Time : Three hours Maximum : 100 marks

SECTION A — (5 x 8 = 40 marks)
Answer any FIVE questions.

1. Discuss briefly the basic features of a database management system.

2. Explain about manipulative capabilities in database management system.

3. Write in brief about navigation efficiency in relational database management system.

4. How do you handle null values? Explain with an example.

5. Explain briefly about Client/Server System.

6. What are sub queries and multiple part queries in Oracle?

7. Explain with examples about data access using SQL commands.

8. Discuss the languages supported by Oracle Pre-compiler.

SECTION B — (4 × 15 = 60 marks)
Answer any FOUR questions.

9. Discuss in detail about the user interfaces in a DBMS.

10. Explain in detail about data definition and data control facilities.

11. Explain in detail about relational model for database management.

12. Discuss in detail about the logical structure of Oracle database.

13. Discuss on basic SQL queries using expressions with your own examples.

14. What is Embedded SQL? Discuss the same with an example.

15. Discuss the privileges required during table related operations.

                                                             ——————

M.B.A. (SM) DEGREE EXAMINATION, MAY 2018.
Fourth Semester

RE — ENGINEERING AND FLEXI SYSTEM

(Upto 2013–14 Academic Year and 2014 Calendar Year Onwards)
Time : Three hours Maximum : 100 marks

SECTION A — (5 x 8 = 40 marks)
Answer any FIVE questions.

1. What do you mean by fundamental rethinking in the context of business process reengineering (BPR)?

2. Distinguish between fixed and flexible systems.

3. Discuss the role of IT in re-engineering process.

4. Write in brief about BPR cycle.

5. Discuss in brief about bottom-up participation process.

6. Explain the concept of change management.

7. Distinguish between BPR and TQM.

8. Briefly explain flexibility in strategic alliances.

SECTION B — (4 × 15 = 60 marks)
Answer any FOUR questions.

9. Discuss in detail about the success factors of Reengineering.

10. Explain in detail the re-engineering enabling process.

11. Write in detail about business process interoperability.

12. What are the usual criticisms levelled against BPR? How would you answer to these criticisms?

13. Discuss in detail about manufacturing system flexibility with real time examples.

14. Describe the procedure for implementing BPR.

15. Write short notes on the following:
 (a) Re-engineering leader
 (b) Contours in BPR
 (c) BPR Vs CQI.

                                                        ——————

M.B.A. (SM) DEGREE EXAMINATION, MAY 2018.
Fourth Semester

MANAGEMENT CONTROL SYSTEMS

(2013-14 Academic Year and 2014 Calendar Year onwards)
Time : Three hours Maximum : 100 marks

SECTION A — (5 x 8 = 40 marks)
Answer any FIVE questions.

1. What is Strategic planning? Distinguish it from management control.

2. What are the characteristics of management control?

3. Distinguish between Goals and Objectives.

4. Distinguish between cost centre and expense centre.

5. Explain briefly the various issues involved in transfer pricing.

6. Explain briefly about performance evaluation.

7. Distinguish between structured and unstructured decision making.

8. Explain the characteristics of non profit organisations.

SECTION B — (4 × 15 = 60 marks)
Answer any FOUR questions.

9. Explain the nature and components of management control reports.

10. What are the principles of management control? Explain in detail.

11. How will you formulate and evaluate the strategy of a FMCG firm?

12. Discuss in detail about transfer pricing and its benefits.

13. What is budgeting? Explain in detail with an illustration of your own.

14. Explain the value of information in business planning and control decisions.

15. Suggest a suitable management control system to
 (a) IT Company
 (b) Educational Institute.

                                                                      ——————

M.B.A. (SM) DEGREE EXAMINATION, MAY 2018.
Third Semester

MULTIMEDIA APPLICATIONS

(Upto 2013-14 Academic Year and 2014 Calendar Year)
Time : Three hours Maximum : 100 marks

SECTION A — (5  8 = 40 marks)
Answer any FIVE questions.

1. Discuss about the problems in developing a multimedia application.

2. Write short notes on graphics.

3. Expand JPEG, MPEG and DVI.

4. With a multimedia developing example explain the objects and classes in object oriented multimedia.

5. Give an overview of the different types of media formats.

6. Briefly explain VR operating system.

7. Multimedia is essential in the front – end development. Comment.

8. Discuss about animation.

SECTION B — (4 × 15 = 60 marks)
Answer any FOUR questions.

9. Write short notes on.
 (a) Development tools.
 (b) Commercial tools.
 (c) Cross platform compatibility.

10. Discuss about the non-temporal media types.

11. Discuss about the redundancy and visibility involved in compression.

12. Explain multimedia framework in detail.

13. Explain the different stages in creating video making.

14. Discuss in detail about virtual environment display and orientation making.

15. "Multimedia is a curse to social media in the contemporary environment" — Elucidate.

                                                                    —————————

M.B.A. (SM) DEGREE EXAMINATION, MAY 2018.
Third Semester

INTERNET PROGRAMMING AND WEB DESIGN

(Upto 2013 – 2014 Academic Year and 2014 Calendar Year Onwards)
Time : Three hours Maximum : 100 marks

SECTION A — (5 x 8 = 40 marks)
Answer any FIVE questions.

1. Explain Shockwave and Lingo.

2. Explain lexical issues in JAVA.

3. Write a program using nested if function in JAVA.

4. Write short notes on the design issues of World Wide Web.

5. What is PERL?

6. What is meant by remote method invocation?

7. What is SGML?

8. What is plugin?

SECTION B — (4 × 15 = 60 marks)
Answer any FOUR questions.

9. Explain exceptions handling in JAVA with an example.

10. Write short notes on.
 (a) WHILE
 (b) DO – WHILE
 (c) CONTINUE

11. Write short notes on.
 (a) Constructors
 (b) Overloading methods
 (c) Argument passing

12. Explain in detail about security and encryption in JAVA.

13. How would you add graphics to web pages? Explain with an example.

14. Explain the phenomenon of creation a custom integrated application with multiple protocols.

15. Write short notes on.
 (a) Inheritance
 (b) Multithreading
 (c) Deadlock situation

                                                         –––––––––––––––

M.B.A (SM) DEGREE EXAMINATION, MAY 2018.
Third Semester

OFFICE AUTOMATION

(2013-14 Academic Year and 2014 Calendar Year onwards)
Time : Three hours Maximum : 100 marks

PART A — (5 × 8 = 40 marks)
Answer any FIVE questions.

1. Differentiate between Operating Systems and Application Software.

2. Briefly explain the usage of Search engines and Portals.

3. Describe about E-Payment and Electronic Fund Transfer.

4. Explain the role of Enterprise Resource Planning in Organizations.

5. How has E banking and net banking changed the business in India?

6. Describe the process of creating and modifying Data Bases in MS-Access.

7. What is a Virtual Team? How it works in enterprises? And list its benefits and disadvantages.

8. Write a short note on 'Smartcards and Plastic Money'.

PART B — (4 × 15 = 60 marks)
Answer any FOUR questions.

9. State the differences between PERT and CPM and in which situation will both used give example.

10. What are the Basic models of E-Business? Explain.

11. Discuss the Basics and Evolution of Computing.

12. Explain the role of Internet and Intranet in Organizations.

13. Write a note on 'E-mail Etiquette'.

14. What are the steps to creating a Power Point Presentation (PPT) using Slide Master?

15. Discuss the important Formulas and Functions in 'Ms Excel'. (Any ten)

                                                             ————————

M.B.A. (FM) DEGREE EXAMINATION, MAY 2018.
Fourth Semester

GROWTH MANAGEMENT

(2013 – 14 Academic Year and 2014 Calendar Year onwards)
Time : Three hours Maximum : 100 marks

SECTION A — (5 x 8 = 40 marks)

Answer any FIVE questions.
All questions carry equal marks.
1. What is the significance of six 'S' process?

2. Compare and contrast the features and advantages of vertical growth and horizontal growth.

3. What is employee development plans? how can it lead to growth?

4. What is 'High growth road map'?

5. Illustrate with an example of turning risk into opportunities.

6. Distinguish between kaizen and radical innovation.

7. Enumerate the activities involved in succession planning.

8. Distinguish between red ocean strategy and blue ocean strategy.

SECTION B — (4 × 15 = 60 marks)
Answer any FOUR questions.
All questions carry equal marks.

9. How will you identify the prospects of growth and develop a growth plan?

10. Explain three venture strategies for growth.

11. What are the signs of an organization slowing down in growth? What are the preventive steps you would take to ward off such signs of slowing and losing consequently?

12. Explain Greiner's growth model.

13. Discuss the activities that would secure growth in assets and capacity domain.

14. Discuss different strategies for rapid growth.

15. Explain the generic competitive strategies propagated by Porter.

                                       
                                                                   –––––––––––––––

M.B.A. (FM) DEGREE EXAMINATION, MAY 2018.
Fourth Semester

INVESTMENT AND DERIVATIVES MARKET

(2013–2014 Academic Year & 2014 Calendar Year Onwards)
Time : Three hours Maximum : 100 marks

SECTION A — (5 x 8 = 40 marks)
Answer any FIVE questions.
All questions carry equal marks.

1. What is convexity? What is its relationship withduration?

2. What are horizon analysis and riding the yield curve?

3. What is the significance of secondary market?

4. What are the advantages of investing in government securities?

5. What are the features of 'option'?

6. Describe the types of 'futures contract'.

7. How is yield related to the price?

8. What is immunization? How to accomplish immunization?

SECTION B — (4 x 15 = 60 marks)
Answer any FOUR questions.
All questions carry equal marks.

9. Explain the key features of debt market in India.

10. What is bond swap and what are the advantages of bond swaping?

11. Describe the features of fixed income securities.

12. Explain the factors influencing the Price-to-Earnings Ratio.

13. What do you know by profit diagrams? How profit diagram can he useful in making strategies of option trading?

14. Explain the role of various participants in 'futures market'.

15. Discuss the different types of government securities.

                                                        ————————

M.B.A. (FM) DEGREE EXAMINATION, MAY 2018.
Fourth Semester

PROJECT FINANCE

(2013 – 2014 Academic Year and 2014 Calendar Year Onwards)
Time : Three hours Maximum : 100 marks

SECTION A — (5 x 8 = 40 marks)
Answer any FIVE questions.
All questions carry equal marks.

1. Describe any five characteristics of a project.

2. Is it possible to get funds from venture capitalist for all kinds of projects? Explain.

3. What do you understand from the term, 'judicious financing plan'?

4. Explain the need to verify safeguards against pollution.Provide example.

5. What is the significance of break even analysis to project appraisal?

6. What are the results of social cost benefit analysis?

7. What are the causes for industrial sickness?

8. Explain economies of scale and its relevance to project appraisal.

SECTION B — (4 × 15 = 60 marks)
Answer any FOUR questions.
All questions carry equal marks.

9. Discuss the various sources of project identification.

10. Explain the essential requirements of raising funds through GDR.

11. Explain the methods of estimating fixed and working capital requirements.

12. Identify the managerial aspects you would verify before financing a project. How will you evaluate such aspects?

13. Discuss the elements of distribution channels and selling that would have impact on project appraisal.

14. Critically evaluate the role of BIFR in rehabilitating sick industrial units.

15. Explain the role of consultants in project management.

                                                               –––––––––––––––

M.B.A. (FM) DEGREE EXAMINATION, MAY 2018.
Fourth Semester

MULTINATIONAL FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT

(2013–2014 Academic Year and 2014 Calendar Year Onwards)
Time : Three hours Maximum : 100 marks

SECTION A — (5 x 8 = 40 marks)
Answer any FIVE questions.
All questions carry equal marks.

1. Distinguish between domestic and offshore market.

2. What is the rationale behind investment decisions by MNCs?

3. What is the impact of FDI on transfer pricing?

4. What are the goal and steps to international cash management?

5. Describe the factors responsible for choice between offshore production and local purchase.

6. What are the characteristics of an MNC that might cause its cash flow to be more volatile than a purely domestic firm?

7. How does multinational working capital management differ from domestic working capital management?

8. Why would a company wish to hold some of its assets in the form of cash or cash equivalents?

SECTION B — (4 x 15 = 60 marks)
Answer any FOUR questions.
All questions carry equal marks.

9. Explain the basic functions of global financial markets.

10. Explain the factors responsible to political risk.

11. Critically evaluate whether the principles of CAPM be applied to all countries where MNCs are established.

12. Discuss the strategies adopted by MNCs to manage short term investment portfolio.

13. Briefly explain the three important decision variables of credit policy adopted by MNCs.

14. What is loan syndication? Explain the features of syndicated loan.

15. What are the major points of differences between the total and incremental cash flows?


                                                              ————————

M.B.A. (FM) DEGREE EXAMINATION, MAY 2018.
Fourth Semester

FOREIGN EXCHANGE MANAGEMENT

(2013 – 2014 Academic Year and 2014 Calendar Year Onwards)
Time : Three hours Maximum : 100 marks

SECTION A — (5 x 8 = 40 marks)
Answer any FIVE questions.

1. What is foreign exchange market? Explain the organizations of forex market.

2. Differentiate:
 (a) Spot rate and forward rate.
 (b) T. T. rates and cross rates.

3. Explain purchasing power parity theory.

4. Evaluate Flow model in determination of exchange rate.

5. Discuss about the extension and cancellation of forward contract.

6. How foreign exchange risks are managed by companies? Explain.

7. Distinguish fixed and fling rates, also explain its significance in exchange management in India.

8. Explain the need and relevance for exchange control measures.

SECTION B — (4 × 15 = 60 marks)
Answer any FOUR questions.

9. Explain Foreign exchange concept and process elaborately.

10. Discuss briefly on exchange rate forecasting methods.

11. Briefly explain option contracts: types and mechanism.

12. Enumerate and explain internal and external strategies foe exchange risk management.

13. Discuss about the economic consequences on exchange rate.

14. What are the various accounts associated with foreign exchange? Explain.

15. Write an essay on monetary and fiscal policy of India for foreign exchange rate management.

                                               –––––––––––––––

M.B.A. (FM) DEGREE EXAMINATION, MAY 2018.
Third Semester

FINANCIAL SERVICES AND INSTITUTIONS

(2013 – 14 Academic year and 2014 calendar year onwards)
Time : Three hours Maximum : 100 marks

SECTION A — (5 x 8 = 40 marks)
Answer any FIVE questions.

1. Briefly explain the concept of financial services.

2. What are the duties and responsibilities of lead manager?

3. Write short notes on :

 (a) ICRA and
 (b) CARE.

4. What are the guidelines for exercising green shoe option?

5. Explain the role of NSE in the stock market.

6. Write a descriptive note on "Portfolio Management Services".

7. Discuss the role of stock exchange in security pricing and trading.

8. Distinguish between 'futures' and 'options'.

SECTION B — (4 x 15 = 60 marks)
Answer any FOUR questions.
9. Describe the importance of financial services.

10. Critically examine the CRISIL's credit rating methodology.

11. Enumerate the different schemes of Mutual Funds in India.

12. Discuss the steps involved in book building process.

13. Describe the main function of a stock exchange.

14. Highlight the guidelines of SEBI relating to Mutual Funds.

15. What is foreign exchange market? Discuss its functions and kinds.

                                          _________________

M.B.A. (FM) DEGREE EXAMINATION, MAY 2018.
Third Semester

INVESTMENT ANALYSIS AND PORTFOLIO MANAGEMENT

(2013 – 14 Academic Year and 2014 Calendar Year Onwards)
Time : Three hours Maximum : 100 marks

SECTION A — (5 x 8 = 40 marks)
Answer any FIVE questions.

1. What are the various types of financial investments?

2. Briefly explain the primary and secondary market investment instruments.

3. Mutual funds offer best form of investment – Discuss.

4. Discuss the role of Investment rating services.

5. State and explain the various measures of risks.

6. Describe the method of valuation of equity.

7. Explain Dew theory.

8. How will you identify efficient portfolios?

SECTION B — (4 × 15 = 60 marks)
Answer any FOUR questions.

9. Outline the reasons for the emerging popularity of investment in today world.

10. Distinguish between speculation and gambling.

11. What are the functions of portfolio managers?

12. What are the different goals of invester?

13. What are the various tools in technical analysis?

14. What are the forms of market efficiency?

15. Illustrate the differences between European and American call options.

                                                –––––––––––––––

M.B.A. (FM) DEGREE EXAMINATION, MAY 2018.
Third Semester

MANAGEMENT OF FUNDS

(2013-14 Academic Year and 2014 Calendar Year onwards)
Time : Three hours Maximum : 100 marks

SECTION A — (5 x 8 = 40 marks)
Answer any FIVE questions.

1. "Management of funds is interdisciplinary in nature" –Elucidate.

2. What are the factors to be considered for effective allocation of funds?

3. "Profit maximization is a goal of fund management" – Discuss.

4. Explain the significance of cost of capital.

5. Define leverage. Explain its types.

6. What are the different methods of venture capital financing?

7. Discuss the factors influencing foreign investment decisions.

8. Write a descriptive note on 'Foreign currency risk management'.

SECTION B — (4 × 15 = 60 marks)
Answer any FOUR questions.

9. Discuss the nature and significance of relationship between funds management and other functional areas of an enterprise.

10. Describe about the inflation effect on capital budgeting decisions.

11. What is meant by optimum capital structure? Explain the essentials of an optimum capital structure.

12. What are the different types of cost of capital?

13. Explain the followings :
(a) Global Depository Receipts (GDR)
(b) Americal Depository Receipts (ADR)
(c) Foreign currency Convertible Bonds (FCCB)

14. Explain the pros and cons of lease financing.

15. Enumerate the problems and prospects of financing Multinational Organisations.

                 
                                                    –––––––––––––––

M.B.A. (TM) DEGREE EXAMINATION, MAY 2018.
Fourth Semester

QUALITY MANAGEMENT

(2013 – 14 Academic Year and 2014 Calendar Year Onwards)
Time : Three hours Maximum : 100 marks

SECTION A — (5 x 8 = 40 marks)
Answer any FIVE questions.
All questions carry equal marks.

1. Explain the link between process and quality.

2. Describe the levels at which quality planning road map can be applied.

3. Are quality and productivity related with each other? In what way?

4. Distinguish between total quality control system and total quality management system.

5. What is quality manual and what is its significance?

6. What are the salient features of Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award?

7. Describe the functions of sampling inspections.

8. Describe the use of quality cost information.

SECTION B — (4 × 15 = 60 marks)
Answer any FOUR questions.
All questions carry equal marks.

9. What art the seven deadly diseases associated with traditional management practices in industry and how can you eliminate them?

10. Explain the significance of control charts to ensure quality of the products.

11. Discuss the reasons for success of MNCs in emergence of global quality.

12. Briefly explain any three key elements of TQC.

13. What is BPR? Discuss the key features of BPR.

14. Discuss the strategic alliances generally organizations enter in to maintain quality advantages. Provide example.

15. Explain the implementation methodology for ISO 9000

                                                              –––––––––––––––

M.B.A. (TM) DEGREE EXAMINATION, MAY 2018.
Fourth Semester

GROWTH MANAGEMENT

(2013-14 Academic Year and 2014 Calendar Year onwards)
Time : Three hours Maximum : 100 marks

SECTION A — (5 x 8 = 40 marks)
Answer any FIVE questions.
All questions carry equal marks.

1. Describe competition and co-operation.

2. Explain developing a growth proposition and plan.

3. Enumerate choosing the strategic growth choice.

4. Describe Walding off organization from signs of slowing and losing.

5. Explain team based environment and performance management program.

6. Explain monitoring growth in detail.

7. Enumerate market and competition domain in detail.

8. Explain effectiveness enhancement and excellence management in detail.

SECTION B — (4 x 15 = 60 marks)
Answer any FOUR questions.

9. Explain blue ocean strategy and Ansoff's model.

10. Explain frequent and two-way communications in details.

11. Enumerate managing growth fatigue.

12. Describe people and organizational domain and turn risks into opportunities.

13. Explain employee development plans and succession plan in detail.

14. Explain managing rapid growth and passion for growth.

15. Explain SWOT/TOWS model in detail.

                                                       ————————

M.B.A. (TM) DEGREE EXAMINATION, MAY 2018.
Fourth Semester

MANAGEMENT OF TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER AND ABSORPTION

(2013-14 Academic Year and 2014 Calendar Year onwards)
Time : Three hours Maximum : 100 marks

SECTION A — (5 × 8 = 40 marks)
Answer any FIVE questions.
1. Explain the need and importance of technology transfer.

2. Bring out the relaxing IPR's standards of technology.

3. State the role of licensing in market channels.

4. Explain the Organisational Redesign and Re-engineering.

5. Write a notes on proxies for technology absorption.

6. Explain the need for new outlook on absorption strategies.

7. State the essence of technology transfer and acquisition.

8. Explain the key elements of diffusion routes.

SECTION B — (4 × 15 = 60 marks)
Answer any FOUR questions.

9. Explain the impact on transfer within and between nations.

10. Discuss about the trade and investment policy of Host in technology transfer.

11. Explain about TRIP's and convention on Bio-Diversity in technology innovations.

12. Describe the conditions for market channels and non-market channels.

13. Explain the local innovation in developing countries as alternative to technology transfer.

14. Describe the role of attitude of technology transferor and transferee firms.

15. Discuss about the WTO and TRIP's technology transfers.

                                             ————————

M.B.A. (TM) DEGREE EXAMINATION, MAY 2018.
Fourth Semester

KNOWLEDGE AND CHANGE MANAGEMENT

(2013-14 Academic Year and 2014 Calendar Year onwards)
Time : Three hours Maximum : 100 marks

SECTION A — (5 x 8 = 40 marks)
Answer any FIVE questions.

1. State the aspects of knowledge management.

2. What is knowledge planning?

3. State the meaning for new knowledge.

4. Write something about the knowledge life cycle.

5. Give a short note on change programs.

6. How can you handle the resistance in change management?

7. State the change check points in change management process.

8. What do you mean by piece-meal strategy in CM?

SECTION B — (4 x 15 = 60 marks)
Answer any FOUR questions.

9. Explain the value of knowledge management.

10. Enumerate the importance of computer supported work systems in Km.

11. ''Knowledge management is useful for transforming individual knowledge into organisational knowledge'' - Do you agree?

12. Explain how Km reflecting in distributed organisational knowledge base.

13. Describe the various areas of change in business.

14. Explain the organisational changes to deal with whirlwinds of change.

15. ''The successful change of employees levels to the organisational growth and development'' – Comment.

                                                      –––––––––––––

M.B.A. (TM) DEGREE EXAMINATION, MAY 2018.
Fourth Semester

MANUFACTURING, MAINTENANCE AND WASTE MANAGEMENT

(2013-14 Academic Year and 2014 Calendar Year onwards)
Time : Three hours Maximum : 100 marks

PART A — (5 x 8 = 40 marks)
Answer any FIVE questions.

1. What are the basic manufacturing operations? Explain.

2. State the importance of material handling.

3. Explain the basic functions of single station manufacturing cells.

4. What is flexible manufacturing systems? Write its importance.

5. Briefly explain breakdown maintenance.

6. Bring out the structure of resources in detail.

7. Write your comments on ''Nothing is a waste until it is wasted''.

8. Write the benefits of extended producer's liability.

PART B — (4 x 15 = 60 marks)
Answer any FOUR questions.

9. Explain about industrial equipment and maintenance.

10. Discuss about lean production and agile manufacturing.

11. Write short note to the following :
 (a) Total productive maintenance
 (b) Routine maintenance.

12. Describe the activities of system operations and documentation.

13. Explain the requisites and efforts trends in e-waste.

14. Describe about organic and inorganic processes.

15. Write short notes to the following :
 (a) Zero waste system
 (b) Disposal strategy.

                                                                  –––––––––––––

M.B.A. (TM) DEGREE EXAMINATION, MAY 2018.
Third Semester

TECHNOLOGY POLICY, ETHICS AND IPR MANAGEMENT

(2013-14 Academic Year and 2014 Calendar Year onwards)
Time : Three hours Maximum : 100 marks

PART A — (5 × 8 = 40 marks)
Answer any FIVE questions.

1. Write the impact of science and Technology in Management.

2. Explain the advantages of Public Industry in India.

3. What is cyber security? Write its advantages.

4. Briefly explain the features of Nano Technology.

5. Explain the advantages of Internet in Modern Management.

6. Write the Ethics of Risk Analysis.

7. Explain the concept of IPR.

8. Write short note on the patents Act 1970.

PART B — (4 × 15 = 60 marks)
Answer any FOUR questions.

9. Discuss about Green Technology and its advantages.

10. Describe about Transport Technology policy in detail.

11. Discuss the role of civil society in environmental governance.

12. Discuss the ethics of artificial intelligence.

13. Describe the international treaties on IPR.

14. Discuss about trade and merchandise marks act, 1958.

15. Write short note to the given:
 (a) Applied Research
 (b) Clean Technology.

                                                                     —————

M.B.A. (TM) DEGREE EXAMINATION, MAY 2018.
Third Semester

RE–ENGINEERING AND FLEXI SYSTEMS

(2013 – 14 Academic Year and 2014 Calendar Year Onwards)
Time : Three hours Maximum : 100 marks

SECTION A — (5 x 8 = 40 marks)
Answer any FIVE questions.

1. Explain business process re–engineering methodology.

2. Explain the phases of selecting a business process reengineering team.

3. State the BPR life cycle.

4. Explain the advantages and disadvantages of business process re–engineering.

5. Explain the principles of change management.

6. Write short note on revolution of Re–engineering.

7. What is the need of Human Resources flexibility?

8. Explain flexi systems in Re–engineering.

SECTION B — (4 × 15 = 60 marks)
Answer any FOUR questions.

9. Discuss the concept of significance of flexibility.

10. Explain about Re–engineering journey and communications.

11. Describe the various appraisal of processes in process re–engineering.

12. Discuss the principles of BPR.

13. Discuss short note to the following :
 (a) BPR Criticism.
 (b) BPR Vs. TQM.

14. Describe the advantages of enterprise flexibility in economic development.

15. Discuss various flexibility in service offerings also highlights its benefits.

                                                        –––––––––––––––

M.B.A. (TM) DEGREE EXAMINATION, MAY 2018.
Third Semester

MANAGEMENT OF INNOVATION AND R & D

(Upto 2013 – 14 Academic Year and 2014 Calendar Year Onwards)
Time : Three hours Maximum : 100 marks

SECTION A — (5 x 8 = 40 marks)
Answer any FIVE questions.

1. Explain the technological innovation and their developments.

2. Explain the techniques of transforming in creativity.

3. Briefly explain the sources of innovation.

4. Bring out brainstorming theory.

5. State the features of innovations.

6. Explain the role of Patents, Copy rights and Trade marks in R & D Management.

7. Explain about the Innovation Efficiency Index in detail.

8. Explain process innovation and product innovation in detail.

SECTION B — (4 × 15 = 60 marks)
Answer any FOUR questions.

9. Explain the concept of innovation and role of R & D.

10. Explain about the creativity and problem solving in Innovation.

11. Enumerate the innovation theory in creativity.

12. Explain the role of intellectual property rights in R & D.

13. Describe the top innovating firms in world.

14. Explain the role of financiers in R & D projects.

15. Discus how the government support for R&D Infrastructure and researchers.


                                                    –––––––––––––––

M.B.A. (CM) DEGREE EXAMINATION, MAY 2018.
Fourth Semester

CORPORATE RESTRUCTURING

(2013-14 Academic year and 2014 calendar year onwards)
Time : Three hours Maximum : 100 marks

SECTION A — (5 × 8 = 40 marks)
Answer any FIVE questions.
All questions carry equal marks.

1. What is the need for formulation and execution of restructuring strategies?

2. Explain the underlying concept of amalgamations.

3. Explain the different kinds of take-over.

4. Distinguish between demerger and reconstruction.

5. What are the financial advantages for the merged firm?

6. What are the objectives of buy-back of shares?

7. What do you mean by financial engineering in the context of restructuring?

8. What are the merits and demerits of mergers and acquisitions?

SECTION B — (4 × 15 = 60 marks)
Answer any FOUR questions.
All questions carry equal marks.

9. Discuss the types and benefits of strategic alliances.

10. Briefly describe the documentations required to be presented along with the petition for merger.

11. Briefly describe procedural requirements of take-over.

12. Discuss the various ways of demerger.

13. Enumerate the factors which are required to measure the success of any merger.

14. Describe the SEBI guidelines for buy-back of shares.

15. Critically examine the factors impost merger re-organisation.

                                                      ————————

M.B.A. (CM) DEGREE EXAMINATION, MAY 2018.
Fourth Semester

CORPORATE AUDIT AND COMPLIANCE MANAGEMENT

(2013-14 Academic Year and 2014 Calendar Year onwards)
Time : Three hours Maximum : 100 marks

PART A — (5 × 8 = 40 marks)
Answer any FIVE questions.

1. Enumerate the nature and scope of Auditing.

2. Narrate the process of establishment of compliance management system.

3. Explain the meaning and scope of certification.

4. Describe the importance of compliance certificate.

5. Discuss the prerequisites for issue of prospectus.

6. Detail the powers of registrar of companies.

7. Write brief note on approval of post capital issue compliances.

8. Describe the procedure regarding dispatch of refund order.

PART B — (4 × 15 = 60 marks)
Answer any FOUR questions.

9. Elaborate different types of audit that improves corporate management.

10. Write detailed note on Certification of buy back of securities and transfer deeds.

11. Explain Secretarial audit of registrar and transfer agents.

12. Detail the appraisal of secretarial compliances and self regulation mechanism.

13. Enumerate the measures against fraudulent practices with pre-capital issue work.

14. Narrate Compliance of listing guidelines issued by SEBI in detail.

15. Corporate audit and compliance management ensures efficient corporate governance - Comment.

                                                                  ——————

M.B.A. (CM) DEGREE EXAMINATION, MAY 2018.
Fourth Semester

CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

(2013-14 Academic Year and 2014 Calendar Year onwards)
Time : Three hours Maximum : 100 marks

SECTION A — (5 x 8 = 40 marks)
Answer any FIVE questions.
All questions carry equal marks.

1. Describe the consequences of mis-governance.

2. Describe the elements of Sarbanes-Oxley Act, 2002.

3. What are the systemic problems of corporate governance?

4. Distinguish between managing director and independent director.

5. What are the objectives of the Clause 49 of the Listing Agreement?

6. Write short notes on: corporate social entrepreneurship.

7. What are the key responsibilities of the board?

8. Enumerate the activities involving risk management.

SECTION B — (4 × 15 = 60 marks)
Answer any FOUR questions.
All questions carry equal marks.

9. How do you relate sustainability and corporate governance? What are their important features?

10. Discuss the types of corporate Removed and provide suitable Indian examples.

11. Discuss the internal corporate governance control mechanisms.

12. Discus the role and functions of Independent directors in terms of corporate governance.

13. Discuss the functions of audit committee.

14. Critically examine the impact of corporate governance in the banking sector.

15. Discuss the determinants of board structure.

                                                         –––––––––––––

M.B.A. (CM) DEGREE EXAMINATION, MAY 2018.
Fourth Semester

CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY AND ETHICS

(Upto 2013-14 Academic Year and 2014 Calendar Year
Onwards)
Time : Three hours Maximum : 100 marks

PART A — (5 x 8 = 40 marks)
Answer any FIVE questions.

1. Define CSR. What are its characteristics?

2. Explain any two CSR activities of a firm of your choice. What features of those activities impressed you?

3. Write short notes on :
 (a) Ethical decay
 (b) Insider Trading.

4. What are the various approaches to CSR?

5. Can business ethics be taught? How do firms establish their ethics?

6. What are the characteristics of Business Ethics?

7. What are the basic principles of management as per ancient Indian wisdom?

8. Enumerate the benefits of value based management.

PART B — (4 x 15 = 60 marks)
Answer any FOUR questions.

9. CSR is a marketing strategy used by firms to increase their profits. Do you agree? Use examples to validate your point.

10. Explain in detail any four unethical practices that are common in the corporate arena. Highlight with examples the positive and negative impact of such practices on the firm.

11. The recent amendments to the Company's Act have made it mandatory for firms to spend on CSR activities. Highlight the other aspects of the new regulation. Do you
think the country will benefit clue to this regulation?

12. In the globalised era firms are forced to follow the globalnorms for management. Do you think Indian ethos and values still has a role?

13. What are the perspectives provided by ancient Indian wisdom on
 (a) Environmental degradation
 (b) Dharma of management
 (c) Man-machine equation.

14. What are the reasons that motivate firms to pursue CSR activities? Are there any reasons for firms to not engage in CSR?

15. Do individual values and ethics of employees affect the
overall vales and ethics of the organisation? Explain.

                                                               ————————

M.B.A. (CM) DEGREE EXAMINATION, MAY 2018.
Third Semester

SECURITIES LAWS AND FINANCIAL MARKETS

(2013-2014 Academic Year and 2014 Calendar Year onwards)
Time : Three hours Maximum : 100 marks

PART A — (5 x 8 = 40 marks)
Answer any FIVE questions.
1. State the significance of foreign exchange market.

2. Write a note on International capital market.

3. Explain the features of Global depository receipts.

4. State the role of registrar in the new issue.

5. Write a note on: Badla transactions.

6. What are the risks associated with mutual funds?

7. Explain the role and functions of debentures trustees.

8. Explain the importance of a commercial bill market.

PART B — (4 x 15 = 60 marks)
Answer any FOUR questions.

9. Trace out the development of the financial system in India.

10. Discuss the various components of a money market and bring out its importance.

11. Explain the various types of intermediaries in financial market and state their functions.

12. Discuss the guidelines for Merchant Bankers issued by SEBI.

13. Explain the functions of stock exchanges in India.

14. Discuss the SEBI regulation for mutual funds.

15. Write a detailed note on: Credit rating agencies in India.

                                                                 ————————

M.B.A. (CM) DEGREE EXAMINATION, MAY 2018.
Third Semester

GLOBAL BUSINESS AND MNCs

(2013-14 Academic Year and 2014 Calendar Year onwards)
Time : Three hours Maximum : 100 marks

PART A — (5 x 8 = 40 marks)
Answer any FIVE questions.

1. Explain the concept of international business.

2. State the document required for availing export credit insurance.

3. Explain the concept of technology transfer by MNCs.

4. Write a note on : Strategic alliance.

5. State the trade related aspects of intellectual property rights.

6. What are the functions of world bank?

7. Write a note on : Anti-dumping duties.

8. State the significance of small exporters policy.

PART B — (4 x 15 = 60 marks)
Answer any FOUR questions.

9. Discuss the factors influencing international business.

10. Explain the documents required for export credit.

11. Enumerate the basic features of the theories which explain FDI behaviour.

12. Describe the different forms of Foreign Collaborations.

13. Write a note on the following.
 (a) NAFTA
 (b) European union and
 (c) SAPTA

14. Discuss the organisation of IMF and its contribution to global business.

15. Explain the services of export credit and guarantee corporation in export credit insurance.

                                                   ––––––––––––––––––––––

M.B.A. (CM) DEGREE EXAMINATION, MAY 2018.
Third Semester

COMPANY LAW AND PRACTICE

(2013-14 Academic Year and 2014 Calendar Year onwards)
Time : Three hours Maximum : 100 marks

SECTION A — (5 × 8 = 40 marks)
Answer any FIVE questions.
1. Write a note on Memorandum of Association.

2. When must a company issue a statement in lieu of prospectus?

3. Define a share warrant.

4. What are the disqualification of a managing director?

5. Short note on Managerial remuneration.

6. Write a note on :
 (a) Statutory meetings
 (b) Annual general meeting.

7. Explain appointment and removal of auditors.

8. What are the consequences of a winding up order?

SECTION B — (4 × 15 = 60 marks)
Answer any FOUR questions.

9. Explain Articles of Association. Contents and Alteration of Articles of Association.

10. Describe the power, duties and liabilities of directors.

11. Explain kinds of debentures.

12. Describe the annual general meeting.

13. Write a note on general meetings of shareholders.

14. What are the requisites of a valid board meeting? When is a board meeting said to be duty convened and properly constituted?

15. Discuss the rights and liabilities of members.

                                                     ————————

M.B.A. (LM) DEGREE EXAMINATION, MAY 2018.
Fourth Semester

GROWTH MANAGEMENT

(2013 – 2014 Academic Year and 2014 Calendar Year
Onwards)
Time : Three hours Maximum : 100 marks

SECTION A — (5 x 8 = 40 marks)
Answer any FIVE questions.

1. What is growth management? Explain its functional activities.

2. Explain the ways to identify growth opportunities.

3. What are the improvement strategies on growth management?

4. Write short note on 'Blue Ocean Strategy'.

5. Explain the efficient decision making process activities with example.

6. Write short note on "synchronized efforts".

7. How do you turn the risks in to opportunities?

8. Describe – Excellence management.

SECTION B — (4 × 15 = 60 marks)
Answer any FOUR questions.

9. Discuss the importance of creativity and engagement for growth management.

10. Explain – vertical growth and horizontal growth.

11. Discuss about three levels of enterprise strategies for growth management.

12. Explain the need of performance management programme for growth management.

13. Discuss the greiness model of crises induced growth.

14. Explain various domain in growth management.

15. Describe the kaizen and radical innovation on growth management.

                                                         –––––––––––––––

M.B.A. (LM) DEGREE EXAMINATION, MAY 2018.
Fourth Semester

LOGISTICS MARKETING AND TECHNOLOGY

(2013 – 14 Academic Year and 2014 Calendar Year Onwards)
Time : Three hours Maximum : 100 marks

SECTION A — (5 x 8 = 40 marks)
Answer any FIVE questions.

1. Explain the advantages of Hiring a 3PL provider for outsourced logistics.

2. How to transform company's supply chain through a 4PL approach?

3. How to take a decision based on user behaviour?

4. What is meant by market segmentation and describe its objectives?

5. Explain the merits and demerits of New Service Planning.

6. Explain the types of advertising in logistics management.

7. How technology has changed supply chain? Explain.

8. Explain the role of benchmarking in supply chain improvement.

SECTION B — (4 × 15 = 60 marks)
Answer any FOUR questions.

9. What are the various approaches of studying marketing? Elaborate in details.

10. How to develop an effective positioning strategy? Explain with example.

11. Write a detailed note to the following :
 (a) Concentrated Marketing
 (b) Wholesalers and Industries.

12. Briefly explain the service life cycle model.

13. Describe the types and traits of salesmanship.

14. Briefly explain various SCM softwares and its applications.

15. Discuss the role of Total Quality Management in SCM.

                                                     –––––––––––––––

M.B.A. (LM) DEGREE EXAMINATION, MAY 2018.
Fourth Semester

AIR – CARGO LOGISTICS

(2013 – 2014 Academic Year and 2014 Calendar Year
Onwards)
Time : Three hours Maximum : 100 marks

SECTION A — (5  8 = 40 marks)
Answer any FIVE questions.
1. What are the significance of Air transportation in air cargo logistics?

2. Explain the various innovative schemes available to popularise the air – cargo logistics in India.

3. What are the factors determining freight for cargo in airways?

4. Write short notes on
 (a) On-Board logistics
 (b) Overland transport services.

5. Discuss the different types of airway bills in air cargo documentation.

6. What are the determinants of tariff and value of service in air freight rates?

7. What are the obligations of customs house agents?

8. What are the functions of IMO?

SECTION B — (4 × 15 = 60 marks)
Answer any FOUR questions.

9. Explain in detail the factors influencing growth in air logistics.

10. Describe air cargo consolidation as well as arrangements for pooling and distribution from airport
for air cargo logistics.

11. Explain the unit load devices, types and air craft loading procedures.

12. What are the restrictions and regulations about packing labelling and marking in air cargo
documentation?

13. Discuss the procedures and conditions of airline bookings in air cargo logistics.

14. Explain the duties and responsibility of Air Freight forwarding association.

15. What is the aim of IATA? How it is formed? What are its role and functions?

                                                   –––––––––––––––

M.B.A. (LM) DEGREE EXAMINATION, MAY 2018.
Fourth Semester

MARITIME LOGISTICS AND DOCUMENTATION

(2013 – 2014 Academic Year and 2014 Calendar Year
Onwards)
Time : Three hours Maximum : 100 marks

SECTION A — (5 × 8 = 40 marks)
Answer any FIVE questions.

1. Write the importance of maritime logistics.

2. What are the boundaries of the coastal ocean?

3. What are the types of charters? Explain.

4. How freight rate is determined? Explain.

5. Explain the role of intermediaries.

6. Explain the types of cargo insurance.

7. What is the need of team work in shipping service? Explain.

8. Explain the shipment procedure.

SECTION B — (4 × 15 = 60 marks)
Answer any FOUR questions.

9. Describe the characteristics of shipping transport.

10. Discuss about multi modal transport system.

11. Discuss various types of port in detail.

12. Discuss the procedure for marine insurance claims in detail.

13. What are the factors influence the choice of a shipping service? Explain.

14. Explain the export credit instruments and procedures.

15. Discuss the procedure for availing credit insurance and necessary documents.

                                                            –––––––––––––––

M.B.A. (LM) DEGREE EXAMINATION, MAY 2018.
Fourth Semester

WAREHOUSING MANAGEMENT

(Upto 2013–14 Academic Year and 2014 Calendar Year)
Time : Three hours Maximum : 100 marks

PART A — (5 x 8 = 40 marks)
Answer any FIVE questions.

1. Explain the logistics support for inward transportation.

2. What are the advantages of warehouses? Explain.

3. Distinguish between Private and Public warehouses.

4. Bring out the characteristics of ideal warehouses.

5. Give an account of localization of materials in a warehouse.

6. Write about different rack systems used in warehouses.

7. What is EOQ? Explain with suitable illustration.

8. Explain the various documentation used in warehouse management.

PART B — (4 × 15 = 60 marks)
Answer any FOUR questions.

9. Discuss the various functions of warehouse.

10. What are types of warehouse layout? Enumerate their merits and demerits.

11. Describe the factors to be considered while classifying the materials and products in the warehouse.

12. Elucidate the role of material handling in logistics with suitable examples.

13. Write a detailed essay on industrial waste disposal.

14. Discuss the various costs of holding and not holding inventory.

15. Explain the role of IT in warehouse management with suitable examples.


                                                               ——————

M.B.A. (LM) DEGREE EXAMINATION, MAY 2018.
Third Semester

RAIL – ROAD – LOGISTICS

(2013–2014 Academic Year & 2014 Calendar Year Onwards)
Time : Three hours Maximum : 100 marks

PART A — (5 x 8 = 40 marks)
Answer any FIVE questions.

1. Discuss about continental transportation.

2. Explain the railway infrastructure in India.

3. Discuss on arrangements for policy at rail head.

4. Explain dedicated rail-siding.

5. Explain roadways as a primary made of transportation.

6. Discuss the features of road way in India.

7. Discuss about scheduling in own fleet.

8. Discuss the environment of logistics.

PART B — (4 x 15 = 60 marks)
Answer any FOUR questions.

9. Bring out latest advances in logistics transportation globaly and explain in detail.

10. Discuss the role of railway in India.

11. Elaborate the impact of rail-cargo elasticity in logistics transportation.

12. Bring out the various factors influencing growth in road logistics.

13. Discuss the various issued faced by logistics globally.

14. Give a detailed report on road infrastructure in India.

15. Elaborate the role of Trucker's bodies in Road Cargo Movement.

                                                                    ————————

M.B.A. (LM) DEGREE EXAMINATION, MAY 2018.
Third Semester

PACKING AND PACKAGING MANAGEMENT

(2013 – 14 Academic Year and 2014 Calendar Year Onwards)
Time : Three hours Maximum : 100 marks

SECTION A — (5 x 8 = 40 marks)
Answer any FIVE questions.

1. Differentiate packing packaging. State the essentials of packaging.

2. How packaging is carried out in heavy engineering goods / equipments?

3. Elucidate packing is a system approach in logistics.

4. Write notes on security printing and strapping.

5. Comment on packing and value engineering.

6. Trace the technology trends in packaging industry.

7. Write notes on logistics automation.

8. How packaging for eco-friendly packaging is carry out for exports?

SECTION B — (4 × 15 = 60 marks)
Answer any FOUR questions.

9. Elaborate tests of packaging.

10. Describe the various types of packaging.

11. Describe package design and packing considerations.

12. What are the packing materials used in packaging? – Explain.

13. Enumerate the provisions of Packaging Laws.

14. Explain the techniques of forecasting packaging demands of consumer goods industry.

15. Prepare the manufacturing process involved in packaging industry.

                                          –––––––––––––––

M.B.A. (LM) DEGREE EXAMINATION, MAY 2018.
Third Semester

MODERN LOGISTICS OPERATIONS

(2013–14 Academic year and 2014 Calendar year onwards)
Time : Three hours Maximum : 100 marks

PART A — (5 x 8 = 40 marks)
Answer any FIVE questions.

1. State and explain the need for logistics in procurement.

2. What is vendor managed inventory? Explain.

3. Bring out the role of logistics in order fulfillment.

4. What are the special aspects of export logistics?

5. Differentiate between LCL and FCL.

6. What is implementation center? State its role in logistics.

7. Give a detailed note on events transportation.

8. Brief out the need and importance of logistics information system.

PART B — (4 × 15 = 60 marks)
Answer any FOUR questions.

9. Explain the concept JIT and discuss the role of logistics in adopting JIT.

10. "Logistics is the vital facilitator for performing various marketing functions". Justify your stand.

11. Describe the various functions involved in EXIM logistics.

12. What is supply chain engineering? Explain its role in logistics.

13. Identify the problems of transporting industrial projects and suggest suitable measure to overcome
such problems.

14. What are the characteristics of logistics information system? Explain its design.

15. Write a detailed essay on warehouse simulation and reverse logistics.

                                                           –––––––––––––––

M.B.A. (RM) DEGREE EXAMINATION, MAY 2018.
Fourth Semester

GROWTH MANAGEMENT

(2013 – 14 Academic Year and 2014 Calendar Year Onwards)
Time : Three hours Maximum : 100 marks

SECTION A — (5  8 = 40 marks)
Answer any FIVE questions only.

1. How are you identifying growth opportunities under sinews of growth?

2. What are entry enticements and barriers?

3. Explain revolutionary growth.

4. What are the three levels of enterprise strategies for growth?

5. Explain competitive compensation programs.

6. What are Synchronized efforts?

7. What are the risks included in handling un–sought consequences of growth?

8. What do you understand about Kaizen and Radical Innovation?

SECTION B — (4 × 15 = 60 marks)
Answer any FOUR questions only.

9. Write in brief about 'Six–S' process of growth.

10. What type of growth strategies are included in the improvement strategies?

11. What are the internal and external factors to be considered in choosing the strategic growth choice?

12. Discuss about employee development plans.

13. How you should manage the momentum of growth?

14. Write a brief note on the following :
 (a) Product and Brand domain.
 (b) Market and competition domain.
 (c) Finance and profitability domain.

15. "Sustaining growth is possible" – Justify this statement.

                                                            –––––––––––––––

M.B.A. (RM) DEGREE EXAMINATION, MAY 2018.
Fourth Semester

RETAIL TECHNOLOGY MANAGEMENT

(2013-14 Academic Year and 2014 Calendar Year onwards)
Time : Three hours Maximum : 100 marks

PART A — (5 × 8 = 40 marks)
Answer any FIVE questions only.

1. What do you known about Integrated point of sale technology?

2. Write about social web and retailing.

3. How RFID based Inventory management helps in minimising the cost of retail technology?

4. How CRM is possible in Enterprise systems?

5. Explain MOTO.

6. How magnetic ink character recognition readers used in E-commerce?

7. Write a short note on End-to-End solutions.

8. How did Just-in-Time Inventory system support in Retail Technology management?

PART B — (4 × 15 = 60 marks)
Answer any FOUR questions only.

9. Write elaborate explanation on mobile store market.

10. Briefly explain store operations management.

11. What are enterprise data management technologies followed in Enterprise systems?

12. What are the uses of POS printers?

13. Explain basic two types of E-commerce.

14. How did mobile and remote retailing will support in Retail Technology management?

15. What are the advantages and disadvantages of M-Commerce?

                                                               ——————

M.B.A. (RM) DEGREE EXAMINATION, MAY 2018.
Fourth Semester

RETAIL TRENDS

(2013 – 14 Academic Year and 2014 Calendar Year Onwards)
Time : Three hours Maximum : 100 marks

PART A — (5 x 8 = 40 marks)
Answer any FIVE questions.

1. What are the reasons for growth of retail industry inIndia?

2. Briefly explain the retailing accross the globe.

3. What do you understand chain stores? Describe its meritsand demerits.

4. What are the major classification of retail formats?

5. Why online retailing is becoming popular day by day?Discuss.

6. State the trends in retailing of tourism services.

7. Briefly explain the retail banking.

8. How ancient retailing is different from modern retailing?

PART B — (4 × 15 = 60 marks)
Answer any FOUR questions.

9. Describe the Emerging Trends in Retailing.

10. Discuss the Hyper markets and Super markets are the future of Indian Retailing.

11. Explain the various hurdles affected in Retail Industry.

12. Discuss the impact of organised retail over unorganised retail.

13. Explain most popular retailers in world level and their features.

14. Explain the growth and potentiality of soft goods retailing in India.

15. Enumerate the impact of FDI in retailing of services.

                                                     –––––––––––––––

M.B.A. (RM) DEGREE EXAMINATION, MAY 2018.
Fourth Semester

STORE AND MALL MANAGEMENT

(2013-14 Academic Year and 2014 Calendar Year onwards)
Time : Three hours Maximum : 100 marks

PART A — (5 × 8 = 40 marks)
Answer any FIVE questions only.

1. How did Exterior and Interior Ambience managed in store and mall management?

2. Explain Internal Layout Design.

3. What is meant by wide merchandise assortment?

4. What are the uses branding of stores and malls?

5. Write about stores Vs malls.

6. What is meant by Break-Even-Level?

7. What are the customer's expectations?

8. List out the tips for success of Retail Store Manager.

PART B — (4 × 15 = 60 marks)
Answer any FOUR questions only.
9. What are the various store or mall location choices and considerations are available in store and mall
management?

10. How merchandise Display and arranged in mall management?

11. Explain FSN moving items.

12. What are the techniques followed in development of malls and multiplexes?

13. Write a brief note on Employee training, Empowering and scheduling in operational efficiency of mall
management.

14. What are the facilities provided in customer service and satisfaction?

15. Discuss duties and responsibilities of Brand Manager.

                                                             ————————

M.B.A. (RM) DEGREE EXAMINATION, MAY 2018.
Fourth Semester

RETAIL LOGISTICS AND SUPPLY CHAIN

(2013 – 2014 Academic Year and 2014 Calendar Year
Onwards)
Time : Three hours Maximum : 100 marks

SECTION A — (5 x 8 = 40 marks)
Answer any FIVE questions only.

1. Explain the scope of retail logistics.

2. Explain the problems faced by retail logistics.

3. Write short note on Vendor Managed Inventory (VMI).

4. How stock level management is possible in retail marketing?

5. What are the types of terminal networks?

6. Write about invoice management and carrier management in logistics service.

7. Explain supply chain engineering.

8. What do you known about logistics of time perishable and logistics of quality perishables?

SECTION B — (4 × 15 = 60 marks)
Answer any FOUR questions only.

9. Explain the various dimension of logistics.

10. Give details about importance of logistics in procurement and vendor facilities.

11. "Logistics as a support function of order fulfillment, assembling and labeling" – Discuss.

12. Briefly explain about special aspects of Ex-Im logistics in Retail marketing.

13. What are the documents connected with import logistics? Explain.

14. Discount about 4 PL value added services.

15. Write a detailed note on:
 (a) E-Logistics
 (b) Warehouse logistics
 (c) Reverse logistics.

                                                           –––––––––––––––

M.B.A. (RM) DEGREE EXAMINATION, MAY 2018.
Third Semester

RETAIL SALES MANAGEMENT AND SELLING SKILLS

(2013–14 Academic Year and 2014 Calendar Year onwards)
Time : Three hours Maximum : 100 marks

PART A — (5 x 8 = 40 marks)
Answer any FIVE questions.

1. Explain the salient features of sales management.

2. State and explain the significance of direct selling.

3. Bring out the steps involved in sales dialogue process.

4. How to handle objections in sales process? Explain.

5. Explain the strategies of relationship building.

6. What are the benefits of right induction?

7. Explain briefly the various cash handling techniques in retail sales.

8. Identify and explain the suitable sales strategy for consumer non-durable goods.

PART B — (4 × 15 = 60 marks)
Answer any FOUR questions.

9. Discuss in detail the various functions of sales management.

10. Enumerate and explain the merits and de-merits of franchise selling.

11. Describe the qualities essential for sales personnel.

12. Elucidate the steps involved in process of selling.

13. What are the points to be considered while selecting sales force? Discuss.

14. Elaborate the issues in handling international currencies and exchange rate conversions.

15. What are the different sales incentive plans available for sales force? Explain them.

                                                          –––––––––––––––

M.B.A. (RM) DEGREE EXAMINATION, MAY 2018.
Third Semester

SHOPPER BEHAVIOUR AND RELATIONS MANAGEMENT

(2013–14 Academic Year and 2014 Calendar Year Onwards)
Time : Three hours Maximum : 100 marks

PART A — (5 x 8 = 40 marks)
Answer any FIVE questions.

1. What is the need to study shopper behaviour? Discuss

2. What is meant by store loyalty? Explain

3. Discuss the Life Style factors involved in shopper behaviour.

4. Highlight the Role of culture in Shopper behaviour.

5. What are the goals of CRM? Explain

6. Explain the aims of stakeholder relationship Management.

7. What are the factors that influence Market Segmentation?

8. Explain customer equity.

PART B — (4 × 15 = 60 marks)
Answer any FOUR questions.

9. Discuss the need of shopper behaviour.

10. Elucidate the process of shopper purchase decision Making.

11. Discuss the life phase factors involved in shopper behaviour.

12. Highlight the role of family influence in shopper behaviour.

13. Discuss the functions of CRM in detail.

14. Highlight the Importance of Environment Management strategy for stakeholder relationship Management.

15. Elucidate the need for Trade body relations in the development of stakeholder relationship Management.

                                                               ———————

M.B.A. (RM) DEGREE EXAMINATION, MAY 2018.
Third Semester

PRINCIPLES OF RETAIL MANAGEMENT

 (2013–14 Academic Year and 2014 Calendar Year onwards)
Time : Three hours Maximum : 100 marks

PART A — (5 x 8 = 40 marks)
Answer any FIVE questions.

1. Explain the characteristics of Retailing.

2. What are the dimensions of segmenting the Retail market?

3. Explain the need for Category Management.

4. List down the parties involved in Retail channel.

5. Explain Bar Code in detail.

6. Explain Category killers.

7. Explain Retail life cycle.

8. What is meant by Non Store Retail?

PART B — (4 x 15 = 60 marks)
Answer any FOUR questions.
9. Discuss the different types of Retailing.

10. Elucidate the principles of Retail market segmentation.

11. Discuss the steps to be followed in Retail Merchandise Planning.

12. Discuss the different types of pricing in Retailing.

13. Elucidate the role of location in identification of a retail store.

14. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of foreign direct investment in Retailing.

15. Elucidate the need for Information Technology in Retailing.

                                                                  ———————

M.B.A. (HRM) DEGREE EXAMINATION, MAY 2018.
Fourth Semester

ORGANISATIONAL DEVELOPMENT

(2013-14 Academic Year and 2014 Calendar Year Onwards)
Time : Three hours Maximum : 100 marks

PART A — (5  8 = 40 marks)
Answer any FIVE questions.
All questions carry equal marks.

1. Define organisational development also explain its nature and scope.

2. Explain the process of organizational development.

3. Describe the implementation theories of organisational development.

4. Explain the relationships between implementation theories and changes process theories.

5. What is action research in organisational development? Explain.

6. Explain the types of action research.

7. How to implement organizational development?

8. What are the key consideration and issues in organizational development?

PART B — (4  15 = 60 marks)
Answer any FOUR questions.
All questions carry equal marks.

9. Discuss the history of organisational development.

10. Discuss the operational components of organisational development.

11. How to use action research in organisational development? Explain with example.

12. Discuss the types of organisational development intervention.

13. Describe the ethical issues in organisational development.

14. Discuss the challenges of organisational development in India.

15. Explain the future prospects for organisational development.

                                                                 –––––––––––––

M.B.A. (HRM) DEGREE EXAMINATION, MAY 2018.
Fourth Semester

LABOUR LEGISLATIONS — II

(2013 – 2014 Academic Year and 2014 Calendar Year
Onwards)
Time : Three hours Maximum : 100 marks

SECTION A — (5 x 8 = 40 marks)
Answer any FIVE questions.
All questions carry equal marks.

1. Describe the objectives of payment of bonus Act.

2. Who is controlling authority under the payment of gratuity Act, 1972? What are his powers?

3. State the provisions with regard to fixation of wage periods and time of payment of wages as per payment of wages Act, 1936.

4. Describe the penalties levied for not paying the minimum wages under minimum wages Act, 1948.

5. What are the matters to be provided for in the standing orders under the industrial employment Act 1946?

6. What are the liabilities by trade union?

7. Explain whether gratuity is payable on retrenchment.

8. Point out the objectives of trade union Act, 1926.

SECTION B — (4 × 15 = 60 marks)
Answer any FOUR questions.
All questions carry equal marks.

9. How bonus is calculated? Discuss.

10. Explain the rules relating to nomination by as employee under the payment of gratuity Act, 1972?

11. What are the authorized deductions permitted from wages? Explain.

12. Explain how the inspectors are appointed as per the minimum wages Act, 1948 and what are their powers?

13. Explain the procedures for modification of standing orders.

14. Discuss the rights of trade unions.

15. Describe the importance of maintenance of records and registers under the minimum wages Act, 1948.

                                                             –––––––––––––––

M.B.A. (HRM) DEGREE EXAMINATION, MAY 2018.
Fourth Semester

EMOTIONAL COMPETENCE

(2013-14 Academic Year and 2014 Calendar Year onwards)
Time : Three hours Maximum : 100 marks

PART A — (5 x 8 = 40 marks)
Answer any FIVE questions.
All questions carry equal marks.

1. Define emotion. Explain its significance.

2. Write short notes on
 (a) Self competence
 (b) Self confidence

3. Explain why innovation is key part of personal competence.

4. Explain various approaches to find the limitation and abilities of self.

5. Explain few strategies for leveraging diversity.

6. Explain the importance of social skills for a leader.

7. Describe the methods of conflict management.

8. Explain the best practices in managing emotions.

PART B — (4 × 15 = 60 marks)
Answer any FOUR questions.
All questions carry equal marks.

9. Discuss the strategies for working with emotional intelligence.

10. Describe the various methodology of self assessment.

11. Describe the ways of checking self control.

12. Explain the various aspects of social competence.

13. Discuss the art of building bonds.

14. Describe the nature of service orientation.

15. Describe competence training.

                                        ————————

M.B.A. (HRM) DEGREE EXAMINATION, MAY 2018.
Fourth Semester

GLOBAL HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT

(2013–2014 Academic Year and 2014 Calendar Year onwards)
Time : Three hours Maximum : 100 marks

PART A — (5 x 8 = 40 marks)
Answer any FIVE questions.
All questions carry equal marks.

1. What are the characteristics of Global HRM?

2. Write a note on "Third Country Nations".

3. Explain the process of Integration.

4. Distinguish between direct and indirect compensation.

5. Write a note on cultural assimilation.

6. Write the European approaches to labour relations.

7. Describe the organisational culture of MNCs.

8. State the importance of standard training in HRM.


PART B — (4 × 15 = 60 marks)
Answer any FOUR questions.
All questions carry equal marks.
9. Explain the importance of global HRM.

10. Discuss the selection process for global HR.

11. Explain how will you manage cross cultural diversities in an organisation.

12. Discuss the global HR Compensation Process.

13. Describe the global HR training and development practice.

14. Explain the role of strategic management in international labour relations.

15. Analyse the challenges of global placements.

                                                        –––––––––––––––

M.B.A. (HRM) DEGREE EXAMINATION, MAY 2018.
Fourth Semester

COMPENSATION MANAGEMENT

(2013-14 Academic Year and 2014 Calendar Year onwards)
Time : Three hours Maximum : 100 marks

PART A — (5 x 8 = 40 marks)
Answer any FIVE questions.
All questions carry equal marks.

1. Explain the bargaining theory of wages.

2. Explain the piece rate wage.

3. Explain the concepts of profit sharing.

4. What are monetary incentives?

5. Describe the performance measurement process.

6. Explain the deduction for absence from duty as per Payment of Wages Act.

7. Explain the classes of employees excluded form Payment of Bonus Act.

8. Describe the role of compensation in employee motivation.

PART B — (4 × 15 = 60 marks)
Answer any FOUR questions.
All questions carry equal marks.

9. Explain the factors influencing wage administration.

10. Explain any three wage theories.

11. Explain the various incentives plans for blue collar workers.

12. Explain the importance of Payment of Bonus Act in current scenario.

13. Highlight the key provisions of Minimum Wages, Act.

14. Explain the various critical activities of measured in performance measurement.

15. Describe the components of executive compensation.

                                                                   ————————

M.B.A. (HRM) DEGREE EXAMINATION, MAY 2018.
Third Semester

TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT

(2013–2014 Academic Year & 2014 Calendar Year Onwards)
Time : Three hours Maximum : 100 marks

PART A — (5 x 8 = 40 marks)
Answer any FIVE questions.

1. Define Training. What are its objectives?

2. Explain the duties of a training managers.

3. Give short notes on off the job training.

4. Explain the cost benefit analysis in training.

5. Examine the training practices of public sector in India.

6. Discuss the role of training in executive development programmes.

7. Explain the individual levels of training.

8. Discuss the benefits of training in service organisations.

PART B — (4 x 15 = 60 marks)
Answer any FOUR questions.

9. Explain elaborately need and importance of training in an organisation.

10. Explain the selection criteria for trainers of internal and external trainers.

11. Discuss the various methods of training.

12. ''Training benefits the individual and organisation''– Discuss.

13. What are ways through which evaluation of training and development programmes be made?

14. Describe in detail the process of developing managers.

15. Explain about the methods of training provided by Indian training institutes.

                                                    ————————

M.B.A. (HRM) DEGREE EXAMINATION, MAY 2018.
Third Semester

LABOUR LEGISLATIONS — I

(2013-14 Academic Year and 2014 Calendar Year onwards)
Time : Three hours Maximum : 100 marks

PART A — (5 × 8 = 40 marks)
Answer any FIVE questions.

1. Describe the procedure of appointment of inspectors. Under the Factories Act, 1948. What are their duties?

2. What are the rights of employee's under the Workmen's Compensation Act, 1923?

3. What do you mean by ''strike'' and ''lock-out''? What are their causes?

4. What is an Industrial Dispute? How does it adversely affect the workers and management?

5. Explain the salient provisions of Shops and Establishments Act, 1947.

6. What are the different types of benefits provided by the Employee's State Insurance Act, 1948?

7. Describe the different Schemes of Employee Provident Fund.

8. Briefly explain the provisions of the Factories Act 1948 relating to the health of workers.

PART B — (4 × 15 = 60 marks)
Answer any FOUR questions.

9. Discuss the rules relating to approval licensing and registration of factories under the Factories Act 1948.

10. Explain the powers of commissioners Under Workmen's Compensation Act 1923.

11. What authorities have been set up Under Industrial Dispute Act, 1947 for investigation and settlement of industrial disputes.

12. Analyse the compensation and functions of the Employee's State Insurance Corporation.

13. Explain the scope and objectives of the Employees Provident Funds and Miscellaneous Provisions Act, 1952.

14. Explain the provisions under Factories Act 1948, relating to safety to employees.

15. Explain elaborately unfair labour practices in India.

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M.B.A. (HRM) DEGREE EXAMINATION, MAY 2018.
Third Semester

INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS MANAGEMENT

(2013-14 Academic Year and 2014 Calendar Year onwards)
Time : Three hours Maximum : 100 marks

PART A — (5 x 8 = 40 marks)
Answer any FIVE questions.

1. What is Industrial Relations Management? Explain its significance.

2. Explain the objectives of Trade union.

3. What are the your suggestions to improve the Industrial relations?

4. Explain the important conditions for successful collecting bargaining.

5. Discuss the components of safety programme.

6. State the important of employee education in an orgaisation

7. What steps are necessary to maintain effective discipline in an Industry?

8. Explain the need for personnel counselling and mental health.

PART B — (4  15 = 60 marks)
Answer any FOUR questions.

9. Discuss the various approaches to Industrial relations.

10. Enumerate objectives and functions of ILO.

11. Explain the different types of trade unions in India.

12. Explain the procedure involved in handling grievances.

13. Explain the meaning of disciplinary action. Discuss its fundamental principles.

14. Explain the process of collective bargaining. What are its main functions?

15. Explain:
 (a) Joint consultation
 (b) Negotiations
 (c) Voluntary arbitration.

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