India becomes R&D hot spot as high-tech firms cut costs

[gopu]

ALORE: At Microsoft's research center in a leafy lane in India's tech capital, a

new generation of researchers are being groomed half a
world away from the software
giant's sprawling headquarters in Seattle.

Complete with beanbags and coffee served in steel tumblers, the center is helping change the perception that India is no place for top-end research and development.

Staffed with about 60 full-time researchers, many of them Indians with PhDs from top universities in the United States, the center is at the cutting edge of Microsoft's R&D. It covers seven areas of research including mobility and cryptography.

Its success, including developing a popular tool for Microsoft's new search engine Bing, underscores the potential of R&D in India at a time when cost-conscious firms are keen to offshore to save money by using talented researchers abroad.

Showing off the Bing tool which enables searches for locations with incomplete or even incorrect addresses, B. Ashok, a director of a research unit at the center, said the innovation would never have taken root if the R&D had been done in the United States.

"It was completely inspired by the Indian environment, but is applicable worldwide," he said.

While India might seem like a natural location to expand offshoring into R&D, it is hampered by some serious structural problems that range from not enough home grown researchers to a lack of government support.

India produces about 300,000 computer science graduates a year. Yet it produces only about 100 computer science PhDs, a small fraction of the 1,500-2,000 that get awarded in the United States, or China, every year.

"Students here are not exposed to research from an early age, faculties are not exposed to research and there's no career path for innovation because there's a lot of pressure to get a 'real' job," said Vidya Natampally, head of strategy at the Microsoft India Research Center.

With few government incentives and an education system that emphasizes rote learning, India lacks the kind of environment found in say, Silicon Valley, where universities, venture capitalists and startups encourage innovation.

"China has a policy in place for R&D; we don't," Natampally said, adding that India could move up the value chain faster if even a small percentage of its engineering graduates went into research.

The small numbers of PhDs and the lack of government incentives for India's fledgling R&D sector are blunting the country's edge, analysts warn.

COMPETITION

Rival China has already pulled ahead with more than 1,100 R&D centers compared to less than 800 in India, despite lingering concerns about rule of law and intellectual property rights.

Aside from providing funding to encourage students to complete their PhDs, China also offers fiscal incentives such as tax breaks for R&D centers and special economic zones provide infrastructure for hi-tech and R&D industries.

India is also losing out in the patent stakes. In 2006-2007, just 7,000 patents were granted in this country of 1.1 billion people, compared to nearly 160,000 in the United States.

"We're nowhere near the U.S. or even Israel when it comes to innovations," said Praveen Bhadada at consultancy Zinnov, which estimates the R&D sector in India is worth about $9.2 billion.

"Our costs are low and our talent pool is ahead of China, Russia and Ukraine, but China gives specific incentives, and produces way more PhDs than we do."