GRE Preparation Kit 3 - Section 1

[Samuel]

SECTION 1

Five participants at an international conference are planning to take a car trip together. Two persons? the driver and one passenger? will sit in the front seat of the car, and three persons will sit in the back seat. The names of the five participants and all of the languages that each of them speaks are as follows:

Mohsen  :  Farsi and Hebrew
Orlando  : Italian and Russian
Shelly    :  Hebrew and Russian
Theo      : German and Italian
Ursula    : Farsi, German, and Hebrew

The participants must be seated in the car according to the following restrictions:
The driver must be Orlando or else Shelly.
Two persons can be seated side by side only if atleast one of the languages they speak is the same.

1. Which of the following is an acceptable seating arrangement, with the driver listed first
    under "Front Seat" and the passengers in the back seat listed from one side to the other side?
    Front Seat Back Seat
    (A) Mohsen, Ursula Theo, Orlando, Shelly
    (B) Orlando, Mohsen Shelly, Theo, Ursula
    (C) Orlando, Shelly Mohsen, Ursula, Theo
    (D) Shelly, Mohsen Ursula, Orlando, Theo
    (E) Shelly, Orlando Theo, Mohsen, Ursula

2. If Mohsen sits in the front seat, which of the following can be true?
    (A) Orlando will be the driver.
    (B) Orlando will sit next to Ursula.
    (C) Shelly will sit in the middle position in the back
    (D) Shelly will be the driver.
    (E) Ursula will sit in the middle position in the back seat.

3. If Theo sits in the front seat, which of the following must be true?
    (A) Mohsen and Shelly will sit side by side.
    (B) Mohsen and Ursula will sit side by side.
    (C) Orlando and Theo will sit side by side.
    (D) Orlando and Ursula will sit side by side.
    (E) Shelly and Ursula will sit side by side.

4. If both persons sitting in the front seat speak Hebrew, then it must be true that
    (A) exactly one person sitting in the back seat speaks Russian
    (B) neither speaker of Farsi is sitting in the front seat
    (C) no one sitting in the front seat speaks Russian
    (D) no one sitting in the back seat speaks Hebrew
    (E) a speaker of Russian is sitting in the middle position in the back seat

5. Which of the following must be true if Orlando is the driver?
    (A) If Shelly sits in the front seat, Ursula will sit in the middle position in the back seat.
    (B) If Shelly sits in the back seat, she will sit next to Ursula.
    (C) If Theo sits in the front seat, Ursula will sit in the middle position in the back seat.
    (D) If Theo sits in the back seat, he will sit between Mohsen and Ursula.
    (E) If Ursula sits in the back seat, she will sit in the middle position in the back seat.seat.

Questions 6-7 are based on the following graph

6. Which of the following, if true about early 1990, would most help to explain the decrease, in
    1990, of the percent of people commuting to jobs in downtown Allentia who do so via public 
    transportation?
    (A) The termination of a governmental subsidy to the public transportation system that serves
          both the city and its suburbs caused a substantial increase in fares.
    (B) Many new trains and buses were put into service in the public transportation system both 
          within the city and between the city and its suburbs.
    (C) Security was improved in the passenger waiting areas and on the public trains and buses
          used within the city as well as on those used between the city and its suburbs.
    (D) Legislation was passed that increased the frequency of public transportation service within
          the city as well as between the city and its suburbs.
    (E) The number of points served by the public transportation system both within the city and
          between the city and its suburbs was increased substantially by adding new routes.

7. Which of the following, if true about early 1992, could most contribute to an explanation of the
    change, between 1991 and 1992, in the percent of those who commute via public transportation 
    from the outer suburbs of Allentia, as compared to the change for the other group of commuters?
    (A) The price per gallon for gasoline declined by five percent.
    (B) The cost of using public transportation, per mile traveled, increased.
    (C) The number of people who commuted to work via public transportation from points in or near
          downtown Allentia increased.
    (D) The frequency of public transportation service between the city and its suburbs decreased.
    (E) The cost per mile of getting to and from work by car tripled.

8. A new and more aggressive form of the fungus that caused the Irish potato famine of the   
    nineteenth century has recently arisen. However, since this new form of the fungus can be killed 
    by increased application of currently used fungicides, it is unlikely that the fungus will cause 
    widespread food shortages in countries that currently rely on potatoes for sustenance. Which of
    the following, if true, most calls into question the conclusion in the argument above?
    (A) Though potatoes are an important staple crop in many parts of the world, people in most   
          countries rely primarily on wheat or rice for sustenance.
    (B) Potato farmers in many countries to which the new form of the fungus has spread cannot
         afford to increase their spending on fungicides.
    (C) The new form of the fungus first began to spread when contaminated potato seeds were
          inadvertently exported from a major potato-exporting country.
    (D) Potato farmers in most countries use several insecticides on their crops in addition to
          fungicides of the sort that kill the new form of the fungus.
    (E) Most governments have funds set aside that can be used to alleviate the effects of large-
          scale disasters such as severe food shortages and floods.

Questions 9-16

The organizers of a music festival are scheduling exactly six master classes, one class per day for six consecutive days. Three of the classes will be given by violinists and three by pianists. The only musicians who can teach the classes are the violinists F, G, H, and J, and the pianists R, S, T, W,and Z. The festival's organizers must observe the following constraints:
No musician will teach more than one class.
F will not teach unless the first three classes are taught by violinists.
If J teaches a class, it will be the sixth.
R will teach only if T teaches the first class.
No pianist will teach on a day that immediately precedes or immediately follows a day on which W
teaches.

9. Which of the following can be the musicians scheduled to teach the master classes, in the order
    in which they will teach, from first to sixth?
    (A) F, J, G, T, Z, S
    (B) F, W, H, T, G, Z
    (C) G, F, H, T, S, Z
    (D) S, G, W, H, R, J
    (E) T, G, W, H, R, S

10. If R is scheduled to teach the second class, which of the following could be scheduled to teach
      the third class?
      (A) F
      (B) G
      (C) J
      (D) T
      (E) W

11. Which of the following must be true about the schedule of master classes?
      (A) J is not scheduled to teach if R is scheduled to teach.
      (B) J is not scheduled to teach if T is scheduled to teach.
      (C) J is not scheduled to teach if W is scheduled to teach.
      (D) W is not scheduled to teach if F is scheduled to teach.
      (E) Z is not scheduled to teach if W is scheduled to teach.

12. If pianists are scheduled to teach the fourth, fifth, and sixth classes, which of the following must
      be true?
      (A) F is scheduled to teach the first class.
      (B) G is scheduled to teach the first class.
      (C) H is scheduled to teach an earlier class than the class Z is scheduled to teach.
      (D) R is scheduled to teach an earlier class than the class T is scheduled to teach.
      (E) S is scheduled to teach an earlier class than the class T is scheduled to teach.

13. Which of the following must be true about the schedule of the master classes?
      (A) If F is scheduled to teach a class, then H is also scheduled to teach a class.
      (B) If J is scheduled to teach a class, then R is also scheduled to teach a class.
      (C) If J is scheduled to teach a class, then S is also scheduled to teach a class.
      (D) If T is scheduled to teach a class, then R is also scheduled to teach a class.
      (E) If W is scheduled to teach a class, then Z is also scheduled to teach a class.

14. If classes are scheduled so that the classes taught by pianists and the classes taught by
      violinists alternate with one another, which of the following can be true?
      (A) F is scheduled to teach the fourth class.
      (B) G is scheduled to teach the first class.
      (C) H is scheduled to teach the third class.
      (D) R is scheduled to teach the fifth class.
      (E) W is scheduled to teach the second class.

15. If a violinist is scheduled to teach the first class and another violinist is scheduled to teach the
      sixth class, which of the following can be true?
      (A) F is scheduled to teach the second class.
      (B) H is scheduled to teach the sixth class.
      (C) R is scheduled to teach the fourth class.
      (D) T is scheduled to teach the second class.
      (E) W is scheduled to teach the third class.

16. Which of the following CANNOT be true about the schedule of the master classes?
      (A) F is scheduled to teach the third class.
      (B) G is scheduled to teach the first class.
      (C) T is scheduled to teach the sixth class.
      (D) W is scheduled to teach the sixth class.
      (E) Z is scheduled to teach the fifth class.

Questions 17-22.

In a small office suite, six offices are arranged in a straight line, one after another, and are consecutively numbered 1 through 6. Exactly six people? P, Q, R, S, T and U? are to be assigned to these six offices, exactly one person to an office, according to the following conditions:
P must be assigned to an offic e immediately adjacent to the office to which T is assigned.
Q cannot be assigned to an office immediately adjacent to the office to which S is assigned.
R must be assigned either to office 1 or to office 6.
S must be assigned to a lower -numbered office than the office to which U is assigned.

17. Which of the following can be the list of the six people in the order of their offices, from office 1
      through office 6?
      (A) Q, U, S, T, P, R
      (B) R, P, T, S, U, Q
      (C) R, S, Q, U, P, T
      (D) S, T, Q, P, U, R
      (E) T, P, S, R, Q, U

18. If T is assigned to office 6. then U must be assigned to office
      (A) 1
      (B) 2
      (C) 3
      (D) 4
      (E) 5

19. If Q is assigned to office 2, then the person assigned to office 6 must be
      (A) P
      (B) R
      (C) S
      (D) T
      (E) U

20. If Q is assigned to office 1, which of the following CANNOT be true?
      (A) P is assigned to office 3.
      (B) P is assigned to office 4.
      (C) S is assigned to office 4.
      (D) T is assigned to office 2.
      (E) T is assigned to office 3.

21. If U is assigned to office 3, then Q must be assigned to office
      (A) 1 or 2
      (B) 1 or 6
      (C) 2 or 5
      (D) 4 or 5
      (E) 4 or 6

22. If S is assigned to office 2, which of the following can be true?
      (A) P is assigned to office 1.
      (B) Q is assigned to office 3.
      (C) R is assigned to office 6.
      (D) T is assigned to office 5.
      (E) U is assigned to office 4.

23. As government agencies, faced with budget difficulties, reduce their funding for scientific
      research, a greater amount of such research is being funded by private foundations. This shift 
      means that research projects likely to produce controversial results will almost certainly 
      comprise a smaller proportion of all funded research projects, since private foundations,
      concerned about their public image, tend to avoid controversy.
      Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?
      (A) Only research that is conducted without concern for the possibility of generating
            controversy is likely to produce scientifically valid results.
      (B) Private foundations that fund scientific research projects usually recognize that controversial
            results from those projects cannot always be avoided.
      (C) Scientists who conduct research projects funded by private foundations are unlikely to 
            allow the concerns of the funding organizations to influence the manner in which they 
            conduct the research.
      (D) Many government agencies are more concerned about their public image than are most 
            private foundations.
      (E) Government agencies are more willing than are private foundations to fund research
            projects that are likely to produce controversial results.

24. Juries in criminal trials do not base verdicts on uncorroborated testimony given by any one
      witness. Rightly so, because it is usually prudent to be highly skeptical of unsubstantiated
      claims made by any one person. But then, to be consistent, juries should end an alltoo-
      common practice: convicting defendants on the basis of an uncorroborated full confession.
      Which of the following, if true, most strengthens the argument above?
      (A) Juries often acquit in cases in which a defendant retracts a full confession made before trial.
      (B) The process of jury selection is designed to screen out people who have a firm opinion
            about the defendant's guilt in advance of the trial.
      (C) Defendants sometimes make full confessions when they did in fact do what they are 
            accused of doing and have come to believe that the prosecutor has compelling proof of this.
      (D) Highly suggestible people who are accused of wrongdoing sometimes become so unsure of
            their own recollection of the past that they can come to accept the accusations made
            against them.
      (E) Many people believe that juries should not convict defendants who have not made a full 
            confession.

25. Although spinach is rich in calcium, it also contains large amounts of oxalic acid, a substance 
      that greatly impedes calcium absorption by the body. Therefore, other calcium-containing foods
      must be eaten either instead of or in addition to spinach if a person is to be sure of getting
      enough calcium. Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argu-ment above?
      (A) Rice, which does not contain calcium, counteracts the effects of oxalic acid on calcium
            absorption.
      (B) Dairy products, which contain even more calcium than spinach does, are often eaten by
            people who eat spinach on a regularbasis.
      (C) Neither the calcium nor the oxalic acid in spinach is destroyed when spinach is cooked.
      (D) Many leafy green vegetables other than spinach that are rich in calcium also contain high
            concentrations of oxalic acid.
      (E) Oxalic acid has little effect on the body's ability to absorb nutrients other than calcium.